qu.1.topic=Atmosphere - Definitions@ qu.1.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.1.name=air@ qu.1.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.1.question=__________ is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth.@ qu.1.1.answer=1@ qu.1.1.choice.1=Air@ qu.1.1.choice.2=Biosphere@ qu.1.1.choice.3=Hydrosphere@ qu.1.1.choice.4=Greenhouse gas@ qu.1.1.choice.5=Thermocline@ qu.1.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.2.name=aerosols@ qu.1.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.2.question=______________ are liquid droplets or solid particles that are so small that they remain suspended in the air.@ qu.1.2.answer=1@ qu.1.2.choice.1=Aerosols@ qu.1.2.choice.2=Water vapor@ qu.1.2.choice.3=Tropospheres@ qu.1.2.choice.4=Pauses@ qu.1.2.choice.5=Mesospheres@ qu.1.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.3.name=cloud@ qu.1.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.3.question=A mist of tiny droplets of condensed moisture in the atmosphere is a/an _________________.@ qu.1.3.answer=1@ qu.1.3.choice.1=cloud@ qu.1.3.choice.2=fog@ qu.1.3.choice.3=aerosol@ qu.1.3.choice.4=greenhouse gases@ qu.1.3.choice.5=polar front@ qu.1.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.4.name=fog@ qu.1.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.4.question=A region of condensed moisture at ground level is a/an _________________.@ qu.1.4.answer=2@ qu.1.4.choice.1=cloud@ qu.1.4.choice.2=fog@ qu.1.4.choice.3=aerosol@ qu.1.4.choice.4=greenhouse gases@ qu.1.4.choice.5=polar front@ qu.1.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.5.name=atm@ qu.1.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.5.question=An atm is a _________________.@ qu.1.5.answer=1@ qu.1.5.choice.1=unit of atmospheric pressure approximately equal to sea level pressure @ qu.1.5.choice.2=machine outside a bank that dispenses cash@ qu.1.5.choice.3=temperature at which water can saturate the air@ qu.1.5.choice.4=type of large furry animal common in subpolar climates@ qu.1.5.choice.5=popular lounge whose bartender is a Quark@ qu.1.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.6.name=bar@ qu.1.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.6.question=A bar is a _________________.@ qu.1.6.answer=1@ qu.1.6.choice.1=unit of atmospheric pressure slightly less than sea level pressure@ qu.1.6.choice.2=machine outside a bank that dispenses cash@ qu.1.6.choice.3=temperature at which water can saturate the air@ qu.1.6.choice.4=type of large furry animal common in subpolar climates@ qu.1.6.choice.5=popular lounge whose bartender is a Quark@ qu.1.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.7.name=dewpoint temperature@ qu.1.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.7.question=Dewpoint temperature is a _________________.@ qu.1.7.answer=3@ qu.1.7.choice.1=unit of atmospheric pressure slightly less than sea level pressure@ qu.1.7.choice.2=machine outside a bank that dispenses cash@ qu.1.7.choice.3=temperature at which water can saturate the air@ qu.1.7.choice.4=type of large furry animal common in subpolar climates@ qu.1.7.choice.5=popular lounge whose bartender is a Quark@ qu.1.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.8.name=scattering@ qu.1.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.8.question=Energy dispersal caused by sunlight interacting with particles in the atmosphere is called _________________.@ qu.1.8.answer=3@ qu.1.8.choice.1=adiabatic cooling@ qu.1.8.choice.2=adiabatic heating@ qu.1.8.choice.3=scattering@ qu.1.8.choice.4=the Coriolis effect@ qu.1.8.choice.5=insolation@ qu.1.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.9.name=aurora borealis@ qu.1.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.9.question=The ghostly curtains of varicolored light in the night sky of the northern hemisphere are called _________________.@ qu.1.9.answer=1@ qu.1.9.choice.1=aurora borealis@ qu.1.9.choice.2=aurora australis@ qu.1.9.choice.3=Coriolis effect@ qu.1.9.choice.4=ionosphere@ qu.1.9.choice.5=polar front@ qu.1.10.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.10.name=aurora australis@ qu.1.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.10.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.10.question=The ghostly curtains of varicolored light in the night sky of the southern hemisphere are called _________________.@ qu.1.10.answer=2@ qu.1.10.choice.1=aurora borealis@ qu.1.10.choice.2=aurora australis@ qu.1.10.choice.3=Coriolis effect@ qu.1.10.choice.4=ionosphere@ qu.1.10.choice.5=polar front@ qu.1.11.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.11.name=change of state@ qu.1.11.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.11.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.11.question=When a liquid goes to gas from a solid or a liquid, or vice versa, it undergoes a/an _________________.@ qu.1.11.answer=1@ qu.1.11.choice.1=change of state@ qu.1.11.choice.2=aurora australis@ qu.1.11.choice.3=Coriolis effect@ qu.1.11.choice.4=latent heat of condensation@ qu.1.11.choice.5=convergence@ qu.1.12.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.12.name=latent heat of condensation@ qu.1.12.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.12.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.12.question=The change of temperature observed when gas condenses into liquid, or liquid evaporates into gas, is the _________________.@ qu.1.12.answer=4@ qu.1.12.choice.1=change of state effect@ qu.1.12.choice.2=aurora australis@ qu.1.12.choice.3=Coriolis effect@ qu.1.12.choice.4=latent heat of condensation@ qu.1.12.choice.5=convergence effect@ qu.1.13.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.13.name=temperature@ qu.1.13.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.13.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.13.question=_________________ is a measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of a group of molecules.@ qu.1.13.answer=1@ qu.1.13.choice.1=Temperature@ qu.1.13.choice.2=Heat@ qu.1.13.choice.3=Relative humidity@ qu.1.13.choice.4=Latent heat of condensation@ qu.1.13.choice.5=Pressure gradient@ qu.1.14.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.14.name=heat@ qu.1.14.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.14.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.14.question=_________________ is a measure of the TOTAL kinetic energy resulting from movement of molecules in a gas.@ qu.1.14.answer=2@ qu.1.14.choice.1=Temperature@ qu.1.14.choice.2=Heat@ qu.1.14.choice.3=Relative humidity@ qu.1.14.choice.4=Latent heat of condensation@ qu.1.14.choice.5=Air pressure@ qu.1.15.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.15.name=pressure gradient@ qu.1.15.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.15.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.15.question=_________________ is a measure of the rate of pressure change over a given horizontal distance.@ qu.1.15.answer=5@ qu.1.15.choice.1=Temperature@ qu.1.15.choice.2=Heat@ qu.1.15.choice.3=Relative humidity@ qu.1.15.choice.4=Air pressure@ qu.1.15.choice.5=Pressure gradient@ qu.1.16.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.16.name=relative humidity@ qu.1.16.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.16.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.16.question=_________________ is the ratio between the measured water content and the maximum possible amount of water the air can hold, expressed as a percentage.@ qu.1.16.answer=3@ qu.1.16.choice.1=Temperature@ qu.1.16.choice.2=Heat@ qu.1.16.choice.3=Relative humidity@ qu.1.16.choice.4=Air pressure@ qu.1.16.choice.5=Pressure gradient@ qu.1.17.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.17.name=air pressure@ qu.1.17.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.17.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.17.question=_________________ is the push that air exerts on its surroundings, caused by the weight of overlying atmosphere.@ qu.1.17.answer=4@ qu.1.17.choice.1=Temperature@ qu.1.17.choice.2=Heat@ qu.1.17.choice.3=Relative humidity@ qu.1.17.choice.4=Air pressure@ qu.1.17.choice.5=Pressure gradient@ qu.1.18.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.1.18.name=isobars@ qu.1.18.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.1.18.editing=useHTML@ qu.1.18.question=Isobars are _________________.@ qu.1.18.answer=4@ qu.1.18.choice.1=units of atmospheric pressure slightly less than sea level pressure@ qu.1.18.choice.2=popular lounges where all customers are treated equally@ qu.1.18.choice.3=a type of exercise equipment used by isopods@ qu.1.18.choice.4=lines of equal atmospheric pressure on a map@ qu.1.18.choice.5= lines of equal wind speeds on a map@ qu.2.topic=Atmospheric Circulation - Definitions@ qu.2.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.1.name=coriolis effect@ qu.2.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.1.question=The phenomenon that causes the deflection of a free-moving object as it moves from the equator to the pole of a rotating sphere is called the _________________.@ qu.2.1.answer=1@ qu.2.1.choice.1=Coriolis effect@ qu.2.1.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.2.1.choice.3=ozone layer effect@ qu.2.1.choice.4=greenhouse gasation@ qu.2.1.choice.5=intertropical convergence@ qu.2.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.2.name=adiabatic cooling@ qu.2.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.2.question=Air that moves into a region of lower pressure so that it expands, slowing the gas molecules down so their heat decreases, undergoes _________________.@ qu.2.2.answer=1@ qu.2.2.choice.1=adiabatic cooling@ qu.2.2.choice.2=adiabatic heating@ qu.2.2.choice.3=scattering@ qu.2.2.choice.4=the Coriolis effect@ qu.2.2.choice.5=insolation@ qu.2.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.3.name=adiabatic heating@ qu.2.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.3.question=Air that moves into a region of higher pressure so that it contracts, speeding up the gas molecules and increasing their heat, undergoes _________________.@ qu.2.3.answer=2@ qu.2.3.choice.1=adiabatic cooling@ qu.2.3.choice.2=adiabatic heating@ qu.2.3.choice.3=scattering@ qu.2.3.choice.4=the Coriolis effect@ qu.2.3.choice.5=insolation@ qu.2.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.4.name=convergence zone@ qu.2.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.4.question=An area where two surface air flows meet so that air has to rise is called a _________________.@ qu.2.4.answer=1@ qu.2.4.choice.1=convergence zone@ qu.2.4.choice.2=divergence zone@ qu.2.4.choice.3=polar front@ qu.2.4.choice.4=Hadley cell@ qu.2.4.choice.5=Ferrel cell@ qu.2.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.5.name=divergence zone@ qu.2.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.5.question=An area where sinking air separates into two flows that move in opposite directions is called a _________________.@ qu.2.5.answer=2@ qu.2.5.choice.1=convergence zone@ qu.2.5.choice.2=divergence zone@ qu.2.5.choice.3=polar front@ qu.2.5.choice.4=Hadley cell@ qu.2.5.choice.5=Ferrel cell@ qu.2.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.6.name=polar front@ qu.2.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.6.question=The area at about latitude 60° where two surface air flows meet so that air has to rise is called the _________________.@ qu.2.6.answer=3@ qu.2.6.choice.1=polar cell@ qu.2.6.choice.2=divergence zone@ qu.2.6.choice.3=polar front@ qu.2.6.choice.4=Hadley cell@ qu.2.6.choice.5=Ferrel cell@ qu.2.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.7.name=polar cells@ qu.2.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.7.question=The high-latitude atmospheric convection cells that extend from about 60° to 90° latitude are called _________________.@ qu.2.7.answer=1@ qu.2.7.choice.1=polar cells@ qu.2.7.choice.2=divergences@ qu.2.7.choice.3=polar fronts@ qu.2.7.choice.4=Hadley cells@ qu.2.7.choice.5=Ferrel cells@ qu.2.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.8.name=Ferrel cells@ qu.2.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.8.question=The mid-latitude atmospheric convection cells that extend from about 30° to 60° are called _________________.@ qu.2.8.answer=5@ qu.2.8.choice.1=polar cells@ qu.2.8.choice.2=divergences@ qu.2.8.choice.3=polar fronts@ qu.2.8.choice.4=Hadley cells@ qu.2.8.choice.5=Ferrel cells@ qu.2.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.2.9.name=Hadley cells@ qu.2.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.2.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.2.9.question=The low-latitude atmospheric convection cells that extend from the equator to about latitude 30° are called _________________.@ qu.2.9.answer=4@ qu.2.9.choice.1=polar cells@ qu.2.9.choice.2=divergences@ qu.2.9.choice.3=polar fronts@ qu.2.9.choice.4=Hadley cells@ qu.2.9.choice.5=Ferrel cells@ qu.3.topic=Climate and Environment - Definitions@ qu.3.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.1.name=climate@ qu.3.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.1.question=Weather patterns averaged over a long time are called ____________.@ qu.3.1.answer=1@ qu.3.1.choice.1=climate@ qu.3.1.choice.2=longshore weather@ qu.3.1.choice.3=tradewinds@ qu.3.1.choice.4=long term weather@ qu.3.1.choice.5=intertropical convergence@ qu.3.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.2.name=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.2.question=The process through which long-wavelength (infrared) heat energy is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, thereby warming the surface of the Earth, is called _________________.@ qu.3.2.answer=2@ qu.3.2.choice.1=Coriolis effect@ qu.3.2.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.2.choice.3=ozone layer@ qu.3.2.choice.4=El Nino winter@ qu.3.2.choice.5=intertropical convergence@ qu.3.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.3.name=greenhouse gas@ qu.3.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.3.question=Heat-absorbing gases that play a role in warming the Earth's surface, and are contained mostly in the troposphere, are called __________________.@ qu.3.3.answer=1@ qu.3.3.choice.1=greenhouse gases@ qu.3.3.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.3.choice.3=Coriolis gases@ qu.3.3.choice.4=whitehouse gases@ qu.3.3.choice.5=aerosols@ qu.3.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.4.name=ozone@ qu.3.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.4.question=The molecule that forms from oxygen by a two-step reaction using energy from the Sun, at an elevation of about 30 km, is _______________.@ qu.3.4.answer=1@ qu.3.4.choice.1=ozone (O3)@ qu.3.4.choice.2=carbon dioxide (CO2)@ qu.3.4.choice.3=methane (CH4)@ qu.3.4.choice.4=chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)@ qu.3.4.choice.5=radon (Rn)@ qu.3.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.5.name=insolation@ qu.3.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.5.question=The amount of solar energy that strikes a surface is _________________.@ qu.3.5.answer=5@ qu.3.5.choice.1=adiabatic cooling@ qu.3.5.choice.2=adiabatic heating@ qu.3.5.choice.3=scattering@ qu.3.5.choice.4=the Coriolis effect@ qu.3.5.choice.5=insolation@ qu.3.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.6.name=acid rain@ qu.3.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.6.question=The environmental hazard produced when water has reacted with pollutants such as sulfate and nitrate to form a weak acid that damages cropland and kills forests is called _________________.@ qu.3.6.answer=1@ qu.3.6.choice.1=acid rain@ qu.3.6.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.6.choice.3=ozone hole@ qu.3.6.choice.4=El Niño winter@ qu.3.6.choice.5=global warming@ qu.3.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.7.name=global warming@ qu.3.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.7.question=The observed rise in average atmospheric temperature since the industrial revolutioon (burning fossil fuels may contribute to this) is called _________________.@ qu.3.7.answer=5@ qu.3.7.choice.1=acid rain@ qu.3.7.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.7.choice.3=ozone hole@ qu.3.7.choice.4=El Niño winter@ qu.3.7.choice.5=global warming@ qu.3.8.mode=Multiple Selection@ qu.3.8.name=carbon dioxide and methane - greenhouse gases@ qu.3.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.8.question=Two of the most important greenhouse gases, which regulate atmospheric temperature by passing solar radiation through but trapping infrared radiation rising from the surface, are _______________. [SELECT THE TWO BEST CHOICES]@ qu.3.8.answer=2, 3@ qu.3.8.choice.1=ozone (O3)@ qu.3.8.choice.2=carbon dioxide (CO2)@ qu.3.8.choice.3=methane (CH4)@ qu.3.8.choice.4=chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)@ qu.3.8.choice.5=radon (Rn)@ qu.3.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.9.name=El Niño@ qu.3.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.9.question=The abnormal flow of water and air currents in the Pacific Ocean, in which trade winds slacken and allow a warm water pool to develop in the central Pacific, bringing drought to Indonesia and killing fish off Peru, is called _________________.@ qu.3.9.answer=4@ qu.3.9.choice.1=La Niña @ qu.3.9.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.9.choice.3=monsoon @ qu.3.9.choice.4=El Niño @ qu.3.9.choice.5=global warming@ qu.3.10.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.10.name=chlorofluorocarbons@ qu.3.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.10.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.10.question=The molecules that react with ultraviolet light from the Sun to release chlorine atoms which in turn react with ozone to break it down are _______________. @ qu.3.10.answer=4@ qu.3.10.choice.1=ozone (O3)@ qu.3.10.choice.2=carbon dioxide (CO2)@ qu.3.10.choice.3=methane (CH4)@ qu.3.10.choice.4=chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)@ qu.3.10.choice.5=radon (Rn)@ qu.3.11.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.11.name=La Niña@ qu.3.11.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.11.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.11.question=The normal flow of water and air currents in the Pacific Ocean, in which cold water currents cause upwelling of nutrients off Peru, and a warm water pool in the western Pacific provides abundant rain to Indonesia, is called _________________.@ qu.3.11.answer=1@ qu.3.11.choice.1=La Niña @ qu.3.11.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.11.choice.3=monsoon @ qu.3.11.choice.4=El Niño @ qu.3.11.choice.5=global warming@ qu.3.12.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.12.name=monsoon@ qu.3.12.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.12.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.12.question=The reversal in wind direction that causes a seasonal shift from very dry conditions to very rainy conditions, is called _________________.

[Hint: this effect causes heavy rains and flooding in India and Bangladesh, alternating with drought.]@ qu.3.12.answer=3@ qu.3.12.choice.1=La Niña @ qu.3.12.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.12.choice.3=monsoon @ qu.3.12.choice.4=El Niño @ qu.3.12.choice.5=global warming@ qu.3.13.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.13.name=radon@ qu.3.13.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.13.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.13.question=The radioactive gas produced by natural decay of uranium in rocks, that seeps from the Earth and collects in house basements, is _______________. @ qu.3.13.answer=5@ qu.3.13.choice.1=ozone (O3)@ qu.3.13.choice.2=carbon dioxide (CO2)@ qu.3.13.choice.3=methane (CH4)@ qu.3.13.choice.4=chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)@ qu.3.13.choice.5=radon (Rn)@ qu.3.14.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.3.14.name=ozone hole@ qu.3.14.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.3.14.editing=useHTML@ qu.3.14.question=The reaction of ultraviolet light from the Sun to release chlorine atoms, which react with other molecules to break them apart, produces _________________.@ qu.3.14.answer=3@ qu.3.14.choice.1=acid rain@ qu.3.14.choice.2=greenhouse effect@ qu.3.14.choice.3=the ozone hole@ qu.3.14.choice.4=an El Niño winter@ qu.3.14.choice.5=global warming@ qu.4.topic=Weather - Definitions@ qu.4.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.1.name=weather@ qu.4.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.1.question=___________ is the local atmospheric conditions at any given time.@ qu.4.1.answer=1@ qu.4.1.choice.1=Weather@ qu.4.1.choice.2=Climate@ qu.4.1.choice.3=El Niño@ qu.4.1.choice.4=Monsoon@ qu.4.1.choice.5=La Niña @ qu.4.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.2.name=front@ qu.4.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.2.question=The general term for a boundary between 2 air masses is ___________.@ qu.4.2.answer=1@ qu.4.2.choice.1=front@ qu.4.2.choice.2=cold front@ qu.4.2.choice.3=warm front@ qu.4.2.choice.4=occluded front@ qu.4.2.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.3.name=cold front@ qu.4.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.3.question=A rapidly moving cold air mass that pushes underneath a warm air mass, causing the warm air to rise, cool, and precipitate moisture, is a/an ________________.@ qu.4.3.answer=2@ qu.4.3.choice.1=wave cyclone@ qu.4.3.choice.2=cold front@ qu.4.3.choice.3=warm front@ qu.4.3.choice.4=occluded front@ qu.4.3.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.4.name=warm front@ qu.4.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.4.question=A slowly moving warm air mass that rises over a cooler air mass, cools, and precipitates moisture, is a/an ________________.@ qu.4.4.answer=3@ qu.4.4.choice.1=wave cyclone@ qu.4.4.choice.2=cold front@ qu.4.4.choice.3=warm front@ qu.4.4.choice.4=occluded front@ qu.4.4.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.5.name=occluded front@ qu.4.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.5.question=When warm and cold air masses collide, with cold air moving underneath the warm air and forcing it to rise, the boundary between them is a/an ________________.@ qu.4.5.answer=4@ qu.4.5.choice.1=wave cyclone@ qu.4.5.choice.2=cold front@ qu.4.5.choice.3=warm front@ qu.4.5.choice.4=occluded front@ qu.4.5.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.6.name=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.6.question=In the northern hemisphere, counterclockwise flow of air around a low pressure air mass is ________________.@ qu.4.6.answer=5@ qu.4.6.choice.1=a wave cyclone@ qu.4.6.choice.2=the Coriolis effect@ qu.4.6.choice.3=anticyclonic flow@ qu.4.6.choice.4=an occluded front@ qu.4.6.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.7.name=anticyclonic flow@ qu.4.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.7.question=In the northern hemisphere, clockwise flow of air around a high pressure air mass is ________________.@ qu.4.7.answer=3@ qu.4.7.choice.1=a wave cyclone@ qu.4.7.choice.2=the Coriolis effect@ qu.4.7.choice.3=anticyclonic flow@ qu.4.7.choice.4=an occluded front@ qu.4.7.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.8.name=wave cyclones@ qu.4.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.8.question=When air on one side of a cold front shears sideways past air on the other side, so the face of the front becomes wave-shaped, it creates ________________.@ qu.4.8.answer=1@ qu.4.8.choice.1=a wave cyclone@ qu.4.8.choice.2=the Coriolis effect@ qu.4.8.choice.3=anticyclonic flow@ qu.4.8.choice.4=an occluded front@ qu.4.8.choice.5=cyclonic flow@ qu.4.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.9.name=tornado@ qu.4.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.9.question=A near-vertical, funnel-shaped cloud in which air rotates extremely rapidly around the axis of the funnel is called a ________________.@ qu.4.9.answer=1@ qu.4.9.choice.1=tornado@ qu.4.9.choice.2=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.9.choice.3=hurricane@ qu.4.9.choice.4=wave cyclone@ qu.4.9.choice.5=cyclone@ qu.4.10.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.10.name=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.10.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.10.question=A cyclonic wind system (up to 119 kph) that develops off the west coast of Africa as a result of the warm moist air around latitude 20° N, is called a ________________.@ qu.4.10.answer=2@ qu.4.10.choice.1=tornado@ qu.4.10.choice.2=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.10.choice.3=hurricane@ qu.4.10.choice.4=wave cyclone@ qu.4.10.choice.5=cyclone@ qu.4.11.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.11.name=hurricane@ qu.4.11.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.11.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.11.question=A cyclonic wind system in which wind speed exceeds 119 kph, that is characterized by spiral arms (rain bands) and extremely low barometric pressure in its center (eye), is called a ________________.@ qu.4.11.answer=3@ qu.4.11.choice.1=tornado@ qu.4.11.choice.2=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.11.choice.3=hurricane@ qu.4.11.choice.4=wave cyclone@ qu.4.11.choice.5=thunderstorm @ qu.4.12.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.12.name=cyclone@ qu.4.12.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.12.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.12.question=A cyclonic wind system with wind speed > 119 kph, that forms at latitude 20° N in the Indian Ocean, is called a ________________.@ qu.4.12.answer=3@ qu.4.12.choice.1=tornado@ qu.4.12.choice.2=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.12.choice.3=cyclone@ qu.4.12.choice.4=wave cyclone@ qu.4.12.choice.5=typhoon @ qu.4.13.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.4.13.name=typhoon@ qu.4.13.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.4.13.editing=useHTML@ qu.4.13.question=A cyclonic wind system with wind speed > 119 kph, that forms at latitudes 20° N and 20° S in the western Pacific Ocean, is called a ________________.@ qu.4.13.answer=5@ qu.4.13.choice.1=tornado@ qu.4.13.choice.2=tropical disturbance@ qu.4.13.choice.3=cyclone@ qu.4.13.choice.4=wave cyclone@ qu.4.13.choice.5=typhoon @ qu.5.topic=Atmosphere and Climate - Thought@ qu.5.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.1.name=troposphere temperature trend@ qu.5.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.1.question=

Temperatures in the troposphere tend to ________________ from the surface up to about 9-12 km.@ qu.5.1.answer=1@ qu.5.1.choice.1=decrease@ qu.5.1.choice.2=stay the same@ qu.5.1.choice.3=first increase, then decrease@ qu.5.1.choice.4=first increase slightly, then increase more rapidly@ qu.5.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.2.name=mesosphere temperature trend@ qu.5.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.2.question=

Temperatures in the mesosphere tend to ________________ from about 47 km up to about 82 km.@ qu.5.2.answer=1@ qu.5.2.choice.1=decrease@ qu.5.2.choice.2=stay the same@ qu.5.2.choice.3=first increase, then decrease@ qu.5.2.choice.4=first increase slightly, then increase more rapidly@ qu.5.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.3.name=stratosphere temperature trend@ qu.5.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.3.question=

Temperatures in the stratosphere tend to ________________ from about 12 km up to about 47 km.@ qu.5.3.answer=4@ qu.5.3.choice.1=decrease@ qu.5.3.choice.2=stay the same@ qu.5.3.choice.3=first increase, then decrease@ qu.5.3.choice.4=first increase slightly, then increase more rapidly@ qu.5.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.4.name=thermosphere temperature trend@ qu.5.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.4.question=

Temperatures in the thermosphere tend to ________________ from about 82 km up to over 100 km.@ qu.5.4.answer=4@ qu.5.4.choice.1=decrease@ qu.5.4.choice.2=stay the same@ qu.5.4.choice.3=first increase slightly, then decrease@ qu.5.4.choice.4=first decrease slightly, then increase @ qu.5.5.mode=Multiple Selection@ qu.5.5.name=blue sky cause@ qu.5.5.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@ qu.5.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.5.question=

The processes of scattering and backscattering certain wavelengths of light in the atmosphere account for ____________. [Select 3 best answers.] @ qu.5.5.answer=1, 2, 3@ qu.5.5.choice.1=why the sky appears blue from the Earth's surface on a clear day@ qu.5.5.choice.2=why the sky appears white from the Earth's surface on a hazy or foggy day@ qu.5.5.choice.3=why shadows are not completely dark on the Earth?s surface@ qu.5.5.choice.4=formation of the ozone hole over the polar regions@ qu.5.5.choice.5=the relative thinness of the atmosphere above 400 km elevation@ qu.5.6.mode=Multiple Selection@ qu.5.6.name=red sunset cause@ qu.5.6.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@ qu.5.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.6.question=

Because sunlight must pass through a thicker section of the atmosphere in the early morning and late evening, __________________.[Select 2 best answers.] @ qu.5.6.answer=1, 2@ qu.5.6.choice.1=blue light is subtracted from white and the sun turns yellow or orange@ qu.5.6.choice.2=so much blue light is scattered back to space that the sky turns orange and red@ qu.5.6.choice.3=it creates more ozone in the polar regions@ qu.5.6.choice.4=the aurora borealis becomes much brighter@ qu.5.6.choice.5=winds blowing in from the ocean (sea breeze) reverse and blow out from the land@ qu.5.7.mode=Multiple Selection@ qu.5.7.name=effects of Earth's tilt@ qu.5.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.7.question=

Because of Earth's shape and tilt, _______________. [Select the two best answers]@ qu.5.7.answer=1, 2@ qu.5.7.choice.1=the amount of insolation the surface receives changes throughout the year@ qu.5.7.choice.2=polar regions receive less solar radiation than equatorial regions year-round@ qu.5.7.choice.3=seasons are less pronounced than they would be if the Earth did not tilt@ qu.5.7.choice.4=warm air rises from both the north and south poles to produce Polar Cells@ qu.5.7.choice.5=the sky appears bluer from the polar regions than from the equatorial regions@ qu.5.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.8.name=astronaut comfort@ qu.5.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.8.question=

Why does an astronaut spacewalking at 200 km (within the thermosphere) not feel hot, even when the temperature is quite warm?@ qu.5.8.answer=1@ qu.5.8.choice.1=The atmosphere has so little gas at that level, that it contains very little heat.@ qu.5.8.choice.2=The sunlight will not strike her because Earth?s shadow blocks it.@ qu.5.8.choice.3=Although the temperature is almost as warm as the Antarctic surface in the winter, the jet stream carries heat away from the astronaut.@ qu.5.8.choice.4=The dewpoint is so low that the latent heat of condensation no longer applies.@ qu.5.8.choice.5=Backscattering protects him from radiation.@ qu.5.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.5.9.name=aurora cause@ qu.5.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.5.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.5.9.question=

The aurora borealis and aurora australis form when _____________.@ qu.5.9.answer=1@ qu.5.9.choice.1=charged particles from the solar wind cause ions in the ionosphere to release energy @ qu.5.9.choice.2=convection ionizes the gases of the heterosphere@ qu.5.9.choice.3=the tropopause exchanges places with the stratopause, or vice versa, at the equinox@ qu.5.9.choice.4=Hadley Cells and Ferrell Cells reverse their convective motion, forcing ionization in the Polar Cells@ qu.6.topic=Atmospheric Composition - Thought@ qu.6.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.1.name=Atmospheric composition - earliest@ qu.6.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.1.question=Earth's earliest atmosphere, before about 4.2 Ga (billion years ago), consisted of ______________.@ qu.6.1.answer=1@ qu.6.1.choice.1=volcanic gases - mainly steam, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, with only small amounts of nitrogen and other gases @ qu.6.1.choice.2=mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen, plus trace amounts of other gases.@ qu.6.1.choice.3=sulfur dioxide with gradually increasing nitrogen, gradually decreasing carbon dioxide@ qu.6.1.choice.4=sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases, plus very slowly increasing free oxygen (<1%)@ qu.6.1.choice.5=mostly vacuum@ qu.6.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.2.name=dominant gases in atmosphere@ qu.6.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.2.question=

The Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases dominated by _____________.@ qu.6.2.answer=5@ qu.6.2.choice.1=helium and oxygen@ qu.6.2.choice.2=argon and nitrogen@ qu.6.2.choice.3=carbon dioxide@ qu.6.2.choice.4=methane and hydrogen@ qu.6.2.choice.5=nitrogen and oxygen@ qu.6.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.3.name=oxygen content - last 400 Ma@ qu.6.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.3.question=

The present atmospheric level of about 20% free oxygen was reached ______________. @ qu.6.3.answer=1@ qu.6.3.choice.1=only in the last 400 m.y.@ qu.6.3.choice.2=almost as soon as Earth formed, about 4.5 Ga (billion years ago)@ qu.6.3.choice.3=around the middle of the Archean, about 3.2 Ga (billion years ago)@ qu.6.3.choice.4=about 2.4 Ga (billion years ago) when the first banded iron formations began to form early in the Proterozoic@ qu.6.3.choice.5=about 1.8 Ga (billion years ago), around the end of the banded iron formations@ qu.6.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.4.name=Atmospheric composition - 3.8 Ba@ qu.6.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.4.question=Once oceans formed by precipitation of water from the earliest atmosphere, about 3.8 Ga (billion years ago), Earth's atmosphere evolved into a mixture of ______________.@ qu.6.4.answer=3@ qu.6.4.choice.1=volcanic gases - mainly steam, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, with only small amounts of nitrogen and other gases @ qu.6.4.choice.2=mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen, plus trace amounts of other gases.@ qu.6.4.choice.3=sulfur dioxide with gradually increasing nitrogen, gradually decreasing carbon dioxide@ qu.6.4.choice.4=sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases, plus very slowly increasing free oxygen (<1%)@ qu.6.4.choice.5=mostly vacuum@ qu.6.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.5.name=Atmospheric composition - present@ qu.6.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.5.question=Earth's present atmosphere consists of ______________.@ qu.6.5.answer=2@ qu.6.5.choice.1=volcanic gases - mainly steam, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, with only small amounts of nitrogen and other gases @ qu.6.5.choice.2=mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen, plus trace amounts of other gases.@ qu.6.5.choice.3=sulfur dioxide with gradually increasing nitrogen, gradually decreasing carbon dioxide@ qu.6.5.choice.4=sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases, plus very slowly increasing free oxygen (<1%)@ qu.6.5.choice.5=mostly vacuum@ qu.6.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.6.name=Atmospheric composition - after photosynthesis@ qu.6.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.6.question=After the first photosynthetic organisms evolved, between 3.5 and 3.8 Ga (billion years ago), Earth's atmosphere consisted of _____________.@ qu.6.6.answer=4@ qu.6.6.choice.1=volcanic gases - mainly steam, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, with only small amounts of nitrogen and other gases @ qu.6.6.choice.2=mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen, plus trace amounts of other gases.@ qu.6.6.choice.3=sulfur dioxide with gradually increasing nitrogen, gradually decreasing carbon dioxide@ qu.6.6.choice.4=sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases, plus very slowly increasing free oxygen (<1%)@ qu.6.6.choice.5=mostly vacuum@ qu.6.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.7.name=slowing greenhouse effect@ qu.6.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.7.question=

In order to slow down global warming caused by the greenhouse effect, we should _____________________.@ qu.6.7.answer=2@ qu.6.7.choice.1=increase the amount of ozone in the stratosphere@ qu.6.7.choice.2=stop creating heat-absorbing gases that accumulate in the lower atmosphere and reflect heat back to the surface@ qu.6.7.choice.3=try to increase the percentage of cloud cover to reflect less heat back into space@ qu.6.7.choice.4=burn more fossil fuels to increase the production of surface heat@ qu.6.7.choice.5=encourage deforestation in order to increase the rate at which carbon dioxide is absorbed@ qu.6.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.6.8.name=effect of losing ozone layer@ qu.6.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.6.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.6.8.question=If Earth's stratosphere, the atmospheric layer that is next to innermost, should lose its ozone layer, _______________________.@ qu.6.8.answer=1@ qu.6.8.choice.1=long-wavelength ultraviolet rays will no longer be blocked and skin cancer will increase@ qu.6.8.choice.2=the surface of the Earth will begin to heat unevenly, with a negative impact on agriculture@ qu.6.8.choice.3=the Coriolis effect will reverse itself@ qu.6.8.choice.4=the greenhouse effect will increase and Earth will become colder at the surface@ qu.6.8.choice.5=weather-related phenomena will no longer originate in the stratosphere@ qu.7.topic=Atmospheric Processes - Thought@ qu.7.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.1.name=troposphere@ qu.7.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.1.question=

The ____________ is where most of the Earth's weather is generated.@ qu.7.1.answer=1@ qu.7.1.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.7.1.choice.2=stratosphere@ qu.7.1.choice.3=mesosphere@ qu.7.1.choice.4=thermosphere@ qu.7.1.choice.5=asthenosphere@ qu.7.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.2.name=climate vs. weather-example@ qu.7.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.2.question=

Which of the following is an example of climate, rather than weather?@ qu.7.2.answer=5@ qu.7.2.choice.1=a tornado@ qu.7.2.choice.2=a hurricane@ qu.7.2.choice.3=a sudden intense rainstorm@ qu.7.2.choice.4=a record-setting heat wave@ qu.7.2.choice.5=conditions of tropical heat and humidity@ qu.7.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.3.name=naming of tradewinds@ qu.7.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.3.question=

Tradewinds are so named because _____________________. @ qu.7.3.answer=3@ qu.7.3.choice.1=they circulate heat north and south from the equator to the poles where it is traded with colder air@ qu.7.3.choice.2=early coastal people in Asia would hold great trade fairs when these seasonal winds blew every winter@ qu.7.3.choice.3=the consistent direction and flow of prevailing surface winds at latitudes just north and south of the equator powered the sails of trading ships@ qu.7.3.choice.4=they blow moisture out to sea in desert regions, producing a negative effect on local trade@ qu.7.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.4.name=heat transfer from equator to poles@ qu.7.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.4.question=

Atmospheric heat moves from the equator, where solar energy input is greatest, towards the poles by ________________________.@ qu.7.4.answer=1@ qu.7.4.choice.1=huge convection cells that are influenced by the Coriolis effect @ qu.7.4.choice.2=radiation of heat back into the ozone layer which reflects it towards the poles@ qu.7.4.choice.3=transferring heat into greenhouse gases which cluster about the poles@ qu.7.4.choice.4=higher evaporation rates over polar ice caps, which produces the polar low pressure zones@ qu.7.4.choice.5=seasonal, worldwide reversls of wind flow directions known as monsoons@ qu.7.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.5.name=main cause of coriolis effect@ qu.7.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.5.question=

The Coriolis effect, the tendency for free-moving things to veer off-course, is caused mainly by ____________________.@ qu.7.5.answer=4@ qu.7.5.choice.1=23.5 degree axial tilt of Earth@ qu.7.5.choice.2=the increase in stratospheric ozone@ qu.7.5.choice.3=uneven heating of surface of Earth by the sun@ qu.7.5.choice.4=rotation of the Earth@ qu.7.5.choice.5=the greenhouse effect@ qu.7.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.6.name=equator vs. polar regions-effect of sun's rays@ qu.7.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.6.question=

The Sun's rays are closest to perpendicular at the equator and are most slanted at the poles. This causes all EXCEPT _____________________.@ qu.7.6.answer=3@ qu.7.6.choice.1=temperature differences between the equator and the poles@ qu.7.6.choice.2=atmospheric circulation patterns between cold polar and warm equatorial regions@ qu.7.6.choice.3=ocean currents that move warm water from the poles to the equator@ qu.7.6.choice.4=formation of arid desert regions at certain latitudes@ qu.7.6.choice.5=coral reefs preference to grow in equatorial and temperate latitudes@ qu.7.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.7.name=effects of el niņo@ qu.7.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.7.question=El Niño, a weather phenomenon caused by the appearance of a warm ocean current off the west coast of South America in late December, causes all of the following EXCEPT ________________________. @ qu.7.7.answer=1@ qu.7.7.choice.1=increased upwelling of nutrient-filled cold waters, causing an increase in the fish population off the coast of Peru@ qu.7.7.choice.2=a die-off in the coastal fish-eating bird population of Peru@ qu.7.7.choice.3=unusually heavy rainfall in normally arid parts of Peru and Ecuador@ qu.7.7.choice.4=abnormally high rainfall in Northern California that can produce major flooding and landslides@ qu.7.7.choice.5=either unusually cold or unusually mild winters in the northeastern U.S @ qu.7.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.7.8.name=asian monsoon-characterized@ qu.7.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.7.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.7.8.question=

The Asian monsoon is characterized by _________________.@ qu.7.8.answer=5@ qu.7.8.choice.1=winds that flow offshore in winter months@ qu.7.8.choice.2=summer months in which the land heats up and winds flow onshore@ qu.7.8.choice.3=moisture-laden air blowing from the Indian Ocean northeast across Asia@ qu.7.8.choice.4=copious rainfall in the summer and little or no rainfall in the winter@ qu.7.8.choice.5=all of the choices here@ qu.8.topic=Atmosphere Layers Diagram@ qu.8.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.1.name=Definition - thermosphere@ qu.8.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.1.question=

The outermost layer of the atmosphere, from 82 kilometers above the ground surface up to 700 kilometers, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.1.answer=4@ qu.8.1.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.1.choice.2=stratosphere@ qu.8.1.choice.3=mesosphere@ qu.8.1.choice.4=thermosphere@ qu.8.1.choice.5=lithosphere@ qu.8.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.2.name=Definition - mesosphere@ qu.8.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.2.question=

The third layer of the atmosphere above the surface, from 47 kilometers up to 82 kilometers, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.2.answer=3@ qu.8.2.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.2.choice.2=stratosphere@ qu.8.2.choice.3=mesosphere@ qu.8.2.choice.4=thermosphere@ qu.8.2.choice.5=lithosphere@ qu.8.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.3.name=Definition - stratosphere@ qu.8.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.3.question=

The second layer of the atmosphere above the Earth's surface, from 9-12 kilometers up to 47 kilometers, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.3.answer=2@ qu.8.3.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.3.choice.2=stratosphere@ qu.8.3.choice.3=mesosphere@ qu.8.3.choice.4=thermosphere@ qu.8.3.choice.5=lithosphere@ qu.8.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.4.name=Definition - troposphere@ qu.8.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.4.question=

The lowest layer of the atmosphere, from the ground surface up to about 9-12 kilometers, where humans live, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.4.answer=1@ qu.8.4.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.4.choice.2=stratosphere@ qu.8.4.choice.3=mesosphere@ qu.8.4.choice.4=thermosphere@ qu.8.4.choice.5=lithosphere@ qu.8.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.5.name=Definition - mesopause@ qu.8.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.5.question=

The atmospheric zone between the thermosphere and the mesophere, about 82 kilometers above the ground surface, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.5.answer=3@ qu.8.5.choice.1=tropopause@ qu.8.5.choice.2=stratopause@ qu.8.5.choice.3=mesopause@ qu.8.5.choice.4=thermopause@ qu.8.5.choice.5=catspause@ qu.8.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.6.name=Definition - tropopause@ qu.8.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.6.question=

The atmospheric zone between the stratosphere and the troposphere, about 9-12 kilometers above the ground surface, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.6.answer=1@ qu.8.6.choice.1=tropopause@ qu.8.6.choice.2=stratopause@ qu.8.6.choice.3=mesopause@ qu.8.6.choice.4=thermopause@ qu.8.6.choice.5=catspause@ qu.8.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.7.name=Definition - stratopause@ qu.8.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.7.question=

The atmospheric zone between the stratosphere and the mesophere, about 47 kilometers above the ground surface, is called the ________________.@ qu.8.7.answer=2@ qu.8.7.choice.1=tropopause@ qu.8.7.choice.2=stratopause@ qu.8.7.choice.3=mesopause@ qu.8.7.choice.4=thermopause@ qu.8.7.choice.5=catspause@ qu.8.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.8.name=Definition - homosphere@ qu.8.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.8.question=

The part of the atmosphere that is well mixed enough that the proportion of gases is about the same everywhere is called the ________________.@ qu.8.8.answer=3@ qu.8.8.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.8.choice.2=heterosphere@ qu.8.8.choice.3=homosphere@ qu.8.8.choice.4=shakesphere@ qu.8.8.choice.5=ionosphere@ qu.8.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.9.name=Definition - heterosphere@ qu.8.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.9.question=

The part of the atmosphere that is so low-density that the gases separate into distinct layers controlled by their mass is called the ________________.@ qu.8.9.answer=2@ qu.8.9.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.9.choice.2=heterosphere@ qu.8.9.choice.3=homosphere@ qu.8.9.choice.4=shakesphere@ qu.8.9.choice.5=ionosphere@ qu.8.10.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.8.10.name=Definition - ionosphere@ qu.8.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@ qu.8.10.editing=useHTML@ qu.8.10.question=

The part of the atmosphere that lies in the interval between 50 and 400 km (and includes most of mesosphere and thermosphere)is called the ________________.@ qu.8.10.answer=5@ qu.8.10.choice.1=troposphere@ qu.8.10.choice.2=heterosphere@ qu.8.10.choice.3=homosphere@ qu.8.10.choice.4=shakesphere@ qu.8.10.choice.5=ionosphere@ qu.9.topic=Climate Zones Diagram@ qu.9.1.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.1.name=northern North America - cold humid climate@ qu.9.1.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.1.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.1.question=

The Great Lakes and Midwest regions of North America, including the north-central andnortheastern U.S. and much of southern Canada, is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.1.answer=1@ qu.9.1.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.1.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.1.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.1.choice.4=mixed dry land and highland@ qu.9.1.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.1.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.2.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.2.name=SE U.S. and Europe - Subtropical@ qu.9.2.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.2.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.2.question=

The southeastern United States and most of Europe are characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.2.answer=6@ qu.9.2.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.2.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.2.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.2.choice.4=mixed dry land and highland@ qu.9.2.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.2.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.3.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.3.name=North American Cordillera - high and dry climate@ qu.9.3.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.3.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.3.question=

The Cordilleran mountain range of western North America is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.3.answer=4@ qu.9.3.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.3.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.3.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.3.choice.4=mixed dry land and highland@ qu.9.3.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.3.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.4.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.4.name=Amazon Basin - tropical climate@ qu.9.4.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.4.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.4.question=

The Amazon Basin that covers most of South America is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.4.answer=3@ qu.9.4.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.4.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.4.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.4.choice.4=mixed dry land and highland@ qu.9.4.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.4.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.5.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.5.name=North American and Siberian tundra - high and cold climate@ qu.9.5.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.5.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.5.question=

Northern North America (Canada, Alaska) and northern Asia (e.g., Siberia) are characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.5.answer=4@ qu.9.5.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.5.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.5.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.5.choice.4=mixed highland and tundra@ qu.9.5.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.5.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.6.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.6.name=Greenland - subpolar and polar climate@ qu.9.6.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.6.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.6.question=

Greenland, a part of the North American continent, is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.6.answer=5@ qu.9.6.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.6.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.6.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.6.choice.4=mixed highland and tundra@ qu.9.6.choice.5=cold subpolar and polar (tundra and ice cap)@ qu.9.6.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.7.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.7.name=North and south Africa - dry climate@ qu.9.7.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.7.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.7.question=

The northern one-third and the southern one-third of Africa are characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.7.answer=2@ qu.9.7.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.7.choice.2=dry (arid deserts and steppes) with some highlands@ qu.9.7.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.7.choice.4=mixed highland and tundra@ qu.9.7.choice.5=cold subpolar and polar (tundra and ice cap)@ qu.9.7.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.8.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.8.name=Australia - dry climate@ qu.9.8.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.8.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.8.question=

Most of Australia is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.8.answer=2@ qu.9.8.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.8.choice.2=dry (arid deserts and steppes) @ qu.9.8.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.8.choice.4=mixed highland and tundra@ qu.9.8.choice.5=cold subpolar and polar (tundra and ice cap)@ qu.9.8.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.9.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.9.name=Central Africa - tropical climate@ qu.9.9.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.9.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.9.question=

The central one-third of Africa (on either side of the equator) is characterized by what kind of climate?@ qu.9.9.answer=3@ qu.9.9.choice.1=humid continental @ qu.9.9.choice.2=dry (arid and semi-arid deserts and steppes)@ qu.9.9.choice.3=wet and warm (tropical)@ qu.9.9.choice.4=mixed dry land and highland@ qu.9.9.choice.5=cold (tundra and subpolar)@ qu.9.9.choice.6=humid and warm to hot (subtropical)@ qu.9.10.mode=Multiple Choice@ qu.9.10.name=Coastal BC and Alaska - maring subtropical climate@ qu.9.10.comment=Look at the diagram more closely.@ qu.9.10.editing=useHTML@ qu.9.10.question=

The coastal regions of the the Pacific Northwest (e.g., Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska) are characterized by a climate moderated by the sea where coastal temperate rainforests grow. This climate is classified as __________________.@ qu.9.10.answer=6@ qu.9.10.choice.1=continental @ qu.9.10.choice.2=desert@ qu.9.10.choice.3=tropical@ qu.9.10.choice.4=highland@ qu.9.10.choice.5=subpolar@ qu.9.10.choice.6=subtropical@