Arid lands that receive less than 25 cm (10 inches) of annual precipitation are called ____________. @
qu.1.1.answer=1@
qu.1.1.choice.1=deserts@
qu.1.1.choice.2=glaciers@
qu.1.1.choice.3=periglacials@
qu.1.1.choice.4=loess@
qu.1.1.choice.5=desertifications@
qu.1.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.2.name=ventifact@
qu.1.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.2.question=
A rock that has been shaped by wind erosion into smooth facets that join at sharp edges is called a(n) ______________.@
qu.1.2.answer=4@
qu.1.2.choice.1=bornhardt@
qu.1.2.choice.2=yardang@
qu.1.2.choice.3=erg@
qu.1.2.choice.4=ventifact@
qu.1.2.choice.5=erratic@
qu.1.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.3.name=desert pavement@
qu.1.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.3.question=
Long-term deflation of fine-grained sediment by eolian processes leads to the development of _______________.@
qu.1.3.answer=3@
qu.1.3.choice.1=paleosols@
qu.1.3.choice.2=surfaces without coarse grains@
qu.1.3.choice.3=desert pavement@
qu.1.3.choice.4=sinkholes@
qu.1.3.choice.5=erratics@
qu.1.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.4.name=desert varnish@
qu.1.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.4.question=
A dark coating on rock surfaces that consists of manganese oxide and iron oxide formed by chemical weathering in arid conditions is called ________________.@
qu.1.4.answer=4@
qu.1.4.choice.1=a bornhardt@
qu.1.4.choice.2=a lag deposit@
qu.1.4.choice.3=desert pavement@
qu.1.4.choice.4=desert varnish@
qu.1.4.choice.5=desertification@
qu.1.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.5.name=petroglyph@
qu.1.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.5.question=
Native Americans created images by chipping through the dark manganese oxide-iron oxide coating on desert rock surfaces. These images are called ________________.@
qu.1.5.answer=2@
qu.1.5.choice.1=bornhardts@
qu.1.5.choice.2=petroglyphs@
qu.1.5.choice.3=desert pavement@
qu.1.5.choice.4=desert varnish@
qu.1.5.choice.5=wadis@
qu.1.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.6.name=playa@
qu.1.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.6.question=
Dry flat lake beds whose water has evaporated are called ____________. @
qu.1.6.answer=1@
qu.1.6.choice.1=playas@
qu.1.6.choice.2=wadis@
qu.1.6.choice.3=ventifacts@
qu.1.6.choice.4=petroglyphs@
qu.1.6.choice.5=lag deposits@
qu.1.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.7.name=dry wash/wadi@
qu.1.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.7.question=
A dry, steep-walled stream valley whose floor is littered with gravel, sand, and boulders, is most likely called a _______________. @
qu.1.7.answer=2@
qu.1.7.choice.1=playa@
qu.1.7.choice.2=dry wash or wadi@
qu.1.7.choice.3=ventifact@
qu.1.7.choice.4=petroglyph@
qu.1.7.choice.5=lag deposit@
qu.1.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.8.name=interior basin@
qu.1.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.8.question=
A basin with no outlet to the sea that contains a very salty lake is called a/an _______________. @
qu.1.8.answer=3@
qu.1.8.choice.1=playa@
qu.1.8.choice.2=wadi@
qu.1.8.choice.3=interior basin@
qu.1.8.choice.4=bornholdt@
qu.1.8.choice.5=lag deposit@
qu.1.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.9.name=bajada@
qu.1.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.9.question=
An elongate wedge of sediment formed by many alluvial fans merging together along the front of a mountain range is called a _______________. @
qu.1.9.answer=3@
qu.1.9.choice.1=playa@
qu.1.9.choice.2=wadi@
qu.1.9.choice.3=bajada@
qu.1.9.choice.4=bornholdt@
qu.1.9.choice.5=lag deposit@
qu.1.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.10.name=desert2@
qu.1.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.1.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.10.question=
Arid lands that have vegetation over less than 15%
of their surface, have no internally draining permanent streams, and
usually less than 25 cm of annual rainfall are known as ____________. @
qu.1.10.answer=1@
qu.1.10.choice.1=deserts@
qu.1.10.choice.2=glaciers@
qu.1.10.choice.3=periglacials@
qu.1.10.choice.4=loess@
qu.1.10.choice.5=desertifications@
qu.1.11.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.11.name=caliche@
qu.1.11.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.11.question=A hardened concrete-like material at the surface of a desert, formed by
the cementing together of minerals and unconsolidated grains in a
desert area, is known as _____________.@
qu.1.11.answer=1@
qu.1.11.choice.1=caliche@
qu.1.11.choice.2=cement@
qu.1.11.choice.3=shotcrete@
qu.1.11.choice.4=hardness@
qu.1.11.choice.5=saltation@
qu.1.12.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.12.name=suspended load@
qu.1.12.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.12.question=The type of sediment load which is transported by suspension by wind
and
consists primarily of fine-grained sediment such as dust and silt is
___________.@
qu.1.12.answer=1@
qu.1.12.choice.1=suspended load@
qu.1.12.choice.2=bed load@
qu.1.12.choice.3=saltating load@
qu.1.12.choice.4=creeping load@
qu.1.12.choice.5=rolling load@
qu.1.13.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.13.name=bed load@
qu.1.13.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.13.question=The type of sediment load which is transported by saltation by wind and
consists primarily of sand is
___________.@
qu.1.13.answer=2@
qu.1.13.choice.1=suspended load@
qu.1.13.choice.2=bed load@
qu.1.13.choice.3=shear load@
qu.1.13.choice.4=creeping load@
qu.1.13.choice.5=rolling load@
qu.1.14.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.1.14.name=erg@
qu.1.14.editing=useHTML@
qu.1.14.question=A sea of sand dunes, such as are known from the Sahara and the
Sandhills of Nebraska, is called a/an _________.@
qu.1.14.answer=1@
qu.1.14.choice.1=erg@
qu.1.14.choice.2=reg@
qu.1.14.choice.3=wadi@
qu.1.14.choice.4=pediment@
qu.1.14.choice.5=bajada@
qu.2.topic=Desert Processes - Definitions@
qu.2.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.1.name=abrasion@
qu.2.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.1.question=_______________ is a mechanism of eolian (wind) erosion in which airborne particles chip small fragments off rocks that stick up from the surface.@
qu.2.1.answer=1@
qu.2.1.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.1.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.1.choice.3=Desertification@
qu.2.1.choice.4=Suspension@
qu.2.1.choice.5=Surface creep@
qu.2.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.2.name=deflation@
qu.2.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.2.question=
_______________ is a mechanism of eolian (wind) erosion in which loose particles of sand and dust are picked up and removed by the wind, leaving only the coarser particles behind. @
qu.2.2.answer=2@
qu.2.2.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.2.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.2.choice.3=Desertification@
qu.2.2.choice.4=Suspension@
qu.2.2.choice.5=Surface creep@
qu.2.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.3.name=desertification@
qu.2.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.3.question=
_______________ is the transformation of semi-arid land into deserts, as is happening to the Aral Sea and parts of northern Africa today.@
qu.2.3.answer=3@
qu.2.3.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.3.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.3.choice.3=Desertification@
qu.2.3.choice.4=Suspension@
qu.2.3.choice.5=Dehydration@
qu.2.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.4.name=saltation@
qu.2.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.4.question=_______________ is a mechanism of sediment transport by wind in which sand particles move forward in a series of short jumps along arc-shaped paths.@
qu.2.4.answer=3@
qu.2.4.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.4.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.4.choice.3=Saltation@
qu.2.4.choice.4=Suspension@
qu.2.4.choice.5=Surface creep@
qu.2.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.5.name=suspension@
qu.2.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.5.question=_______________ is a mechanism of sediment transport in which fine grains are lifted by wind (or water) currents and carried along above the level of the ground (or the stream bed).@
qu.2.5.answer=4@
qu.2.5.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.5.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.5.choice.3=Saltation@
qu.2.5.choice.4=Suspension@
qu.2.5.choice.5=Surface creep@
qu.2.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.6.name=dehydration@
qu.2.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.6.question=
_______________ is the severe loss of water. Many desert plants and animals have evolved strategies to avoid or survive this process.@
qu.2.6.answer=4@
qu.2.6.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.6.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.6.choice.3=Desertification@
qu.2.6.choice.4=Dehydration@
qu.2.6.choice.5=Surface creep@
qu.2.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.7.name=salt crystallization@
qu.2.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.7.question=
_______________ is a mechanism of mechanical weathering in deserts that can split rock grains apart. @
qu.2.7.answer=5@
qu.2.7.choice.1=Abrasion@
qu.2.7.choice.2=Deflation@
qu.2.7.choice.3=Desertification@
qu.2.7.choice.4=Saltation@
qu.2.7.choice.5=Salt crystallization@
qu.2.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.2.8.name=avalanche@
qu.2.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.2.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.2.8.question=
When sand on a dune slip face exceeds the angle of repose, the sand
slips down the slope in a/an ____________.@
qu.2.8.answer=1@
qu.2.8.choice.1=avalanche@
qu.2.8.choice.2=abrasion@
qu.2.8.choice.3=saltation@
qu.2.8.choice.4=creep @
qu.2.8.choice.5=fall@
qu.3.topic=Wind Deposits - Definitions@
qu.3.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.1.name=dune@
qu.3.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.1.question=
___________ is a hill or ridge of sand deposited by winds.@
qu.3.1.answer=4@
qu.3.1.choice.1=Moraine@
qu.3.1.choice.2=Desert pavement@
qu.3.1.choice.3=Till@
qu.3.1.choice.4=Dune@
qu.3.1.choice.5=Ventifact@
qu.3.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.2.name=slip face@
qu.3.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.2.question=
The part of a sand dune where the sand cascades down the steep lee slope is called a(n) ________________.@
qu.3.2.answer=3@
qu.3.2.choice.1=loess@
qu.3.2.choice.2=windward face@
qu.3.2.choice.3=slip face@
qu.3.2.choice.4=angle of repose@
qu.3.2.choice.5=strip face@
qu.3.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.3.name=windward face@
qu.3.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.3.question=
The part of a sand dune where sand saltates up the gentle slope is called a(n) ________________.@
qu.3.3.answer=2@
qu.3.3.choice.1=loess@
qu.3.3.choice.2=windward face@
qu.3.3.choice.3=slip face@
qu.3.3.choice.4=angle of repose@
qu.3.3.choice.5=strip face@
qu.3.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.4.name=wind ripples@
qu.3.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.4.question=
The low-amplitude wave-like forms produced by wind transport of sand grains, that are characterized by inverse grading, are called ________________.@
qu.3.4.answer=3@
qu.3.4.choice.1=loess@
qu.3.4.choice.2=petroglyphs@
qu.3.4.choice.3=wind ripples@
qu.3.4.choice.4=yardangs@
qu.3.4.choice.5=wadis@
qu.3.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.5.name=blowout@
qu.3.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.5.question=
Pronounced wind erosion where vegetation stabilizing sand dunes has been destroyed produces bowl-shaped depressions called ________________.@
qu.3.5.answer=3@
qu.3.5.choice.1=loess@
qu.3.5.choice.2=petroglyphs@
qu.3.5.choice.3=blowouts@
qu.3.5.choice.4=yardangs@
qu.3.5.choice.5=wind ripples@
qu.3.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.6.name=transverse dunes@
qu.3.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.6.question=
In this view of a field of simple wave-shaped sand dunes, their crests are aligned north-south. The prevailing wind direction is from the east. What type of dunes are these?@
qu.3.6.answer=5@
qu.3.6.choice.1=barchan@
qu.3.6.choice.2=blowout@
qu.3.6.choice.3=longitudinal@
qu.3.6.choice.4=star@
qu.3.6.choice.5=transverse@
qu.3.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.7.name=barchan dunes@
qu.3.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.7.question=
In this view of a sand dune field, the slip faces are on the east sides of the crescent-shaped dunes, whose tips point east. These dunes are called ____________ dunes.@
qu.3.7.answer=1@
qu.3.7.choice.1=barchan@
qu.3.7.choice.2=blowout@
qu.3.7.choice.3=longitudinal@
qu.3.7.choice.4=star@
qu.3.7.choice.5=transverse@
qu.3.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.8.name=star dunes@
qu.3.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.3.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.8.question=
In this view of a sand dune field, the dunes are nearly stationary and have irregular outlines whose tips point in all directions. What type of dunes are these?@
qu.3.8.answer=4@
qu.3.8.choice.1=barchan@
qu.3.8.choice.2=blowout@
qu.3.8.choice.3=longitudinal@
qu.3.8.choice.4=star@
qu.3.8.choice.5=transverse@
qu.4.topic=Types of Deserts@
qu.4.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.1.name=rainshadow desert - formation@
qu.4.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.1.question=
A rainshadow desert forms _____________________.@
qu.4.1.answer=1@
qu.4.1.choice.1=where mountain ranges block the flow of moist air from the area behind the mountains@
qu.4.1.choice.2=where precipitation is extremely low due to the sinking of cold dry air@
qu.4.1.choice.3=locally along the western margins of continents where cold upwelling seawater decreases the ability of onshore winds to carry moisture@
qu.4.1.choice.4=in latitudes around 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north where global air circulation causes belts of descending dry air@
qu.4.1.choice.5=in the inner parts of continents, far from any sources of moisture@
qu.4.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.2.name=polar desert - formation@
qu.4.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.2.question=
A polar desert forms _____________________.@
qu.4.2.answer=2@
qu.4.2.choice.1=where mountain ranges block the flow of moist air from the area behind the mountains@
qu.4.2.choice.2=where precipitation is extremely low due to the sinking of cold dry air above 60 degrees latitude@
qu.4.2.choice.3=locally along the western margins of continents where cold upwelling seawater decreases the ability of onshore winds to carry moisture@
qu.4.2.choice.4=in latitudes around 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north where global air circulation causes belts of descending dry air@
qu.4.2.choice.5=in the inner parts of continents, far from any sources of moisture@
qu.4.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.3.name=coastal desert - formation@
qu.4.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.3.question=
A coastal desert forms _____________________.@
qu.4.3.answer=3@
qu.4.3.choice.1=where mountain ranges block the flow of moist air from the area behind the mountains@
qu.4.3.choice.2=where precipitation is extremely low due to the sinking of cold dry air@
qu.4.3.choice.3=locally along the western margins of continents where cold upwelling seawater decreases the ability of onshore winds to carry moisture@
qu.4.3.choice.4=in latitudes around 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north where global air circulation causes belts of descending dry air@
qu.4.3.choice.5=in the inner parts of continents, far from any sources of moisture@
qu.4.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.4.name=subtropical desert - formation@
qu.4.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.4.question=
A subtropical desert forms _____________________.@
qu.4.4.answer=4@
qu.4.4.choice.1=where mountain ranges block the flow of moist air from the area behind the mountains@
qu.4.4.choice.2=where precipitation is extremely low due to the sinking of cold dry air above 60 degrees latitude@
qu.4.4.choice.3=locally along the western margins of continents where cold upwelling seawater decreases the ability of onshore winds to carry moisture@
qu.4.4.choice.4=in latitudes around 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north where global air circulation causes belts of descending dry air@
qu.4.4.choice.5=in the inner parts of continents, far from any sources of moisture@
qu.4.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.5.name=continental interior desert - formation@
qu.4.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.5.question=
A continental interior desert forms _____________________.@
qu.4.5.answer=5@
qu.4.5.choice.1=where mountain ranges block the flow of moist air from the area behind the mountains@
qu.4.5.choice.2=where precipitation is extremely low due to the sinking of cold dry air above 60 degrees latitude@
qu.4.5.choice.3=locally along the western margins of continents where cold upwelling seawater decreases the ability of onshore winds to carry moisture@
qu.4.5.choice.4=in latitudes around 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north where global air circulation causes belts of descending dry air@
qu.4.5.choice.5=in the inner parts of continents, far from any sources of moisture@
qu.4.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.6.name=rain shadow@
qu.4.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.4.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.6.question=
An arid region caused by the precipitation of all rain on the seaward side of a mountain range is called a _______________. @
qu.4.6.answer=3@
qu.4.6.choice.1=playa@
qu.4.6.choice.2=wadi@
qu.4.6.choice.3=rain shadow@
qu.4.6.choice.4=bornholdt@
qu.4.6.choice.5=lag deposit@
qu.4.7.mode=Multiple Selection@
qu.4.7.name=where are deserts@
qu.4.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.7.question=Deserts form in several areas, including: [choose all that apply]@
qu.4.7.answer=1, 2, 4, 5@
qu.4.7.choice.1=polar regions@
qu.4.7.choice.2=continental interiors@
qu.4.7.choice.3=coasts with warm ocean currents@
qu.4.7.choice.4=coasts with cold ocean currents@
qu.4.7.choice.5=subtropical regions@
qu.5.topic=Examples of Deserts@
qu.5.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.1.name=subtropical desert - example@
qu.5.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.1.question=
Which of the following is an example of the GREATEST of the world's subtropical deserts?@
qu.5.1.answer=1@
qu.5.1.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.1.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.1.choice.3=Death Valley, California@
qu.5.1.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.1.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.5.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.2.name=continental interior desert - example@
qu.5.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.2.question=
Which of the following is the BEST example of a continental interior type of desert, that forms because it is far from the ocean's moisture?@
qu.5.2.answer=2@
qu.5.2.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.2.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.2.choice.3=Death Valley, California@
qu.5.2.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.2.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.5.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.3.name=rainshadow desert - example@
qu.5.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.3.question=
Which of the following is the BEST example of a desert that forms in the rainshadow of one or more mountain ranges?@
qu.5.3.answer=3@
qu.5.3.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.3.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.3.choice.3=Death Valley, California@
qu.5.3.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.3.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.5.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.4.name=coastal desert - example@
qu.5.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.4.question=
Which of the following is the BEST example of a coastal type of desert?@
qu.5.4.answer=4@
qu.5.4.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.4.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.4.choice.3=Death Valley, California@
qu.5.4.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.4.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.5.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.5.name=polar desert - example@
qu.5.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.5.question=
Which of the following is the BEST example of a polar desert?@
qu.5.5.answer=5@
qu.5.5.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.5.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.5.choice.3=Death Valley, California@
qu.5.5.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.5.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.5.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.6.name=interior basin - example@
qu.5.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.6.question=
Which of the following is the BEST example of an interior basin?@
qu.5.6.answer=3@
qu.5.6.choice.1=Sahara, N. Africa@
qu.5.6.choice.2=Gobi, Mongolia@
qu.5.6.choice.3=Great Salt Lake, UT@
qu.5.6.choice.4=Namib, SW Africa@
qu.5.6.choice.5=Antarctica@
qu.6.topic=Sand Dune Wind Directions -- Thought@
qu.6.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.1.name=longitudinal dune - orientation@
qu.6.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.1.question=
If longitudinal dunes are elongated in an east-west direction, @
qu.6.1.answer=5@
qu.6.1.choice.1=the wind must be strongest in a north-south direction.@
qu.6.1.choice.2=the wind must blow from all directions.@
qu.6.1.choice.3=the wind must generally blow in the direction the sand dune horns are pointing.@
qu.6.1.choice.4=the open end of the U or V shape will point upwind.@
qu.6.1.choice.5=the prevailing winds must be east-west.@
qu.6.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.2.name=barchan dune - orientation@
qu.6.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.2.question=
If sand dunes are crescent-shaped with the steeper face between the two pointed ends,@
qu.6.2.answer=3@
qu.6.2.choice.1=the wind must be strongest in a north-south direction.@
qu.6.2.choice.2=the wind must blow from all directions.@
qu.6.2.choice.3=the wind must generally blow in the direction the sand dune horns are pointing.@
qu.6.2.choice.4=the open end of the U or V shape will point upwind.@
qu.6.2.choice.5=the prevailing winds must be east-west.@
qu.6.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.3.name=star dune - orientation@
qu.6.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.3.question=
If sand dunes are isolated, stationary, and star shaped,@
qu.6.3.answer=2@
qu.6.3.choice.1=the wind must be strongest in a north-south direction.@
qu.6.3.choice.2=the wind must blow from all directions.@
qu.6.3.choice.3=the wind must generally blow in the direction the sand dune horns are pointing.@
qu.6.3.choice.4=the open end of the U or V shape will point upwind.@
qu.6.3.choice.5=the prevailing winds must be east-west.@
qu.6.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.4.name=transverse dune - orientation@
qu.6.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.4.question=
If transverse dunes are elongated in an east-west direction,@
qu.6.4.answer=1@
qu.6.4.choice.1=the wind must be strongest in a north-south direction.@
qu.6.4.choice.2=the wind must blow from all directions.@
qu.6.4.choice.3=the wind must generally blow in the direction the sand dune horns are pointing.@
qu.6.4.choice.4=the open end of the U or V shape will point upwind.@
qu.6.4.choice.5=the prevailing winds must be east-west.@
qu.6.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.5.name=eolian cross bedding - wind direction@
qu.6.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.5.question=
In this sandstone outcrop in Utah, the sedimentary structures consist of inclined layers, most of which dip to the right. When the lowest layer visible formed, the prevailing wind direction was ____________________.@
qu.6.5.answer=1@
qu.6.5.choice.1=from left to right in the picture@
qu.6.5.choice.2=from right to left in the picture@
qu.6.5.choice.3=straight into the picture@
qu.6.5.choice.4=straight out of the picture@
qu.6.5.choice.5=from all directions@
qu.6.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.6.name=parabolic dune wind direction@
qu.6.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.6.question=
These parabolic sand dunes are common in vegetated coastal regions. Like blowouts, their ends point ______________.@
qu.6.6.answer=1@
qu.6.6.choice.1=into the prevailing winds@
qu.6.6.choice.2=winds that blow from all directions@
qu.6.6.choice.3=away from the prevailing winds@
qu.6.6.choice.4=towards the most heavily vegetated areas@
qu.6.6.choice.5=in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing winds@
qu.6.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.7.name=star dune wind direction@
qu.6.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.7.question=
In this view of a star dune field, the dunes are nearly stationary, and the prevailing winds blow from __________________.@
qu.6.7.answer=1@
qu.6.7.choice.1=all directions@
qu.6.7.choice.2=south to north@
qu.6.7.choice.3=either northeast or southwest@
qu.6.7.choice.4=west to east@
qu.6.7.choice.5=either southeast or northwest@
qu.6.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.8.name=longitudinal dune wind direction@
qu.6.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.8.question=
In this view of a longitudinal sand dune field, the linear dunes trend northeast-southwest. The prevailing winds blow from __________________.@
qu.6.8.answer=3@
qu.6.8.choice.1=north to south@
qu.6.8.choice.2=south to north@
qu.6.8.choice.3=either northeast or southwest@
qu.6.8.choice.4=west to east@
qu.6.8.choice.5=either southeast or northwest@
qu.6.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.9.name=barchan wind direction@
qu.6.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.9.question=
In this view of a sand dune field, North is towards the upper left, and the tips of the dunes are pointing east. Which is the prevailing wind direction?@
qu.6.9.answer=4@
qu.6.9.choice.1=from north to south@
qu.6.9.choice.2=from south to north@
qu.6.9.choice.3=from east to west@
qu.6.9.choice.4=from west to east@
qu.6.9.choice.5=from southeast to northwest@
qu.6.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.10.name=transverse dune wind direction@
qu.6.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.10.question=
In this view of a transverse sand dune field, North is towards the upper left. From which direction do the prevailing winds blow?@
qu.6.10.answer=3@
qu.6.10.choice.1=from north to south@
qu.6.10.choice.2=from south to north@
qu.6.10.choice.3=from east to west@
qu.6.10.choice.4=from west to east@
qu.6.10.choice.5=from southeast to northwest@
qu.6.11.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.11.name=slip face-wind direction@
qu.6.11.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.11.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.11.question=
If the slip face of a sand dune is facing (inclined towards) the southeast, the wind must blow from the ______________.@
qu.6.11.answer=1@
qu.6.11.choice.1=northwest@
qu.6.11.choice.2=northeast@
qu.6.11.choice.3=southeast@
qu.6.11.choice.4=east@
qu.6.11.choice.5=south@
qu.7.topic=Desert Processes -- Thought@
qu.7.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.1.name=North American dust bowl@
qu.7.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.1.question=The American "Dust Bowl" and the accompanying westward migration of European settlers in the 1930s that was immortalized by John Steinbeck in "The Grapes of Wrath" was caused by ______________________.@
qu.7.1.answer=3@
qu.7.1.choice.1=a swarm of earthquakes on the New Madrid Fault@
qu.7.1.choice.2=a succession of unusually severe winters called the "Little Ice Age"@
qu.7.1.choice.3=a severe drought in the Plains states, accompanied by high winds that stripped topsoil away@
qu.7.1.choice.4=excessive rainfall that caused deposition of fine sediment on the floodplains@
qu.7.1.choice.5=widespread crop failures resulting from a plague of locusts@
qu.7.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.2.name=alluvial fan-origin@
qu.7.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.2.question=
When a major stream flows out of the mountains into a desert basin, which of the following features would most likely be found at its terminus?@
qu.7.2.answer=2@
qu.7.2.choice.1=a sand dune over 10 meters high@
qu.7.2.choice.2=an alluvial fan@
qu.7.2.choice.3=a loess cliff@
qu.7.2.choice.4=a coastal delta@
qu.7.2.choice.5=a moraine@
qu.7.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.3.name=sand dune vs other sand deposits@
qu.7.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.3.question=
The characteristics which distinguish a dune sand from other types of sand deposits are ____________________.@
qu.7.3.answer=4@
qu.7.3.choice.1=poorly sorted grains and fine laminations@
qu.7.3.choice.2=striated grains and lack of bedding@
qu.7.3.choice.3=rhythmic interbeds of fine sand and organic-rich shale@
qu.7.3.choice.4=well-sorted grains with inverse grading and crossbeds with both steeply dipping and gently dipping layers@
qu.7.3.choice.5=poor sorting and well-developed bedding with no graded beds or ripplemarks@
qu.7.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.4.name=desert pavement=cobblestone road@
qu.7.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.4.question=
The man-made feature which closely resembles desert pavement is a _____________________.@
qu.7.4.answer=4@
qu.7.4.choice.1=road paved with asphalt@
qu.7.4.choice.2=road paved with cement@
qu.7.4.choice.3=corduroy road (built of logs laid together transversely)@
qu.7.4.choice.4=cobblestone road@
qu.7.4.choice.5=road along a beach, e.g., Daytona Beach in Florida@
qu.7.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.5.name=desertification signs@
qu.7.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.5.question=
Which of the following is NOT a major sign that desertification is occurring?@
qu.7.5.answer=1@
qu.7.5.choice.1=increase in surface water supplies@
qu.7.5.choice.2=lower water tables@
qu.7.5.choice.3=increased salt in water and top soil@
qu.7.5.choice.4=unusually high rates of soil erosion@
qu.7.5.choice.5=destruction of vegetation@
qu.7.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.6.name=desert True-False@
qu.7.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.6.question=
Which of the following statements about deserts is WRONG?@
qu.7.6.answer=4@
qu.7.6.choice.1=Deserts cannot support large populations of humans.@
qu.7.6.choice.2=Most erosion and deposition in deserts is by streams rather than wind.@
qu.7.6.choice.3=Sand dunes cover only small parts of most deserts.@
qu.7.6.choice.4=Deep groundwater in deserts is usually very young due to rapid recharge.@
qu.7.6.choice.5=Lakes exist in deserts only part of the time.@
qu.7.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.7.name=desert - requirements@
qu.7.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.7.question=
Which of the following is required to produce a desert?@
qu.7.7.answer=4@
qu.7.7.choice.1=high temperatures@
qu.7.7.choice.2=sparse vegetation and animal life@
qu.7.7.choice.3=sand dunes and high winds@
qu.7.7.choice.4=rainfall less than 25 cm (10 in.) or evaporation greater than precipitation@
qu.7.7.choice.5=a lack of people and vegetation@
qu.7.8.mode=Multiple Selection@
qu.7.8.name=arch-origin@
qu.7.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.8.question=
Most desert arches or natural bridges form by what process(es)? [Select all that apply]@
qu.7.8.answer=1, 2@
qu.7.8.choice.1=weathering@
qu.7.8.choice.2=mass wasting@
qu.7.8.choice.3=wind erosion@
qu.7.8.choice.4=wave erosion@
qu.7.8.choice.5=glacial erosion during the ice ages@
qu.8.topic=Wind Processes - Thought@
qu.8.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.1.name=slip face - mass wasting@
qu.8.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.1.question=
Sand on the slip face of a sand dune is transported by what process?@
qu.8.1.answer=5@
qu.8.1.choice.1=saltation@
qu.8.1.choice.2=traction@
qu.8.1.choice.3=dissolution@
qu.8.1.choice.4=abrasion@
qu.8.1.choice.5=mass wasting@
qu.8.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.2.name=windward face-saltation@
qu.8.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.2.question=
Sand on the windward face of a sand dune is transported by what process?@
qu.8.2.answer=1@
qu.8.2.choice.1=saltation@
qu.8.2.choice.2=traction@
qu.8.2.choice.3=dissolution@
qu.8.2.choice.4=abrasion@
qu.8.2.choice.5=mass wasting@
qu.8.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.3.name=loess-described, location@
qu.8.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.3.question=
Massive, unstratified wind-blown sediment that consists mostly of very well sorted silt, like that which covers much of the upper Midwestern U.S., including Nebraska, is called _______________.@
qu.8.3.answer=1@
qu.8.3.choice.1=loess@
qu.8.3.choice.2=till@
qu.8.3.choice.3=pedocal@
qu.8.3.choice.4=caliche@
qu.8.3.choice.5=alluvium@
qu.8.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.4.name=desert pavement - identification@
qu.8.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.4.question=
In this view of desert land in Searles Valley, CA, the surface is covered with a layer of coarse gravel, known as ___________________. @
qu.8.4.answer=1@
qu.8.4.choice.1=desert pavement@
qu.8.4.choice.2=blowout@
qu.8.4.choice.3=eolian cross bedding@
qu.8.4.choice.4=graded bedding@
qu.8.4.choice.5=mud cracks@
qu.8.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.5.name=desert pavement - formation@
qu.8.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.5.question=
In this view of desert land in New Mexico, the surface is covered with a layer of coarse gravel that forms when ____________________.@
qu.8.5.answer=1@
qu.8.5.choice.1=wind blows away the finer particles, leaving the surface protected from further deflation@
qu.8.5.choice.2=one or more flat face is abraded and smoothed by wind-blown sand@
qu.8.5.choice.3=sand dunes migrate repeatedly across the same location@
qu.8.5.choice.4=poorly sorted sediment is deposited in an alluvial fan@
qu.8.5.choice.5=wet mud drys out and shrinks, leaving polygonal wedge-shaped cracks@
qu.8.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.6.name=Mars ventifacts - identification@
qu.8.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.6.question=
In this view of the surface of Mars, the boulders and cobbles have at
least one smooth, abraded surface facing upwind. These features are
called ___________________. @
qu.8.6.answer=2@
qu.8.6.choice.1=desert pavement@
qu.8.6.choice.2=ventifacts@
qu.8.6.choice.3=yardangs@
qu.8.6.choice.4=barnholdts@
qu.8.6.choice.5=wadis@
qu.8.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.7.name=ventifact - formation@
qu.8.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.7.question=
This rock has several smooth, abraded surfaces. These surfaces form when ____________________.@
qu.8.7.answer=2@
qu.8.7.choice.1=wind blows away the finer particles, leaving the surface protected from further deflation@
qu.8.7.choice.2=one or more flat face is abraded and smoothed by wind-blown sand@
qu.8.7.choice.3=sand dunes migrate repeatedly across the same location@
qu.8.7.choice.4=poorly sorted sediment is deposited in an alluvial fan@
qu.8.7.choice.5=wet mud drys out and shrinks, leaving polygonal wedge-shaped cracks@
qu.8.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.8.name=pink sand dunes-origin@
qu.8.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.8.question=
Sand dunes that are pink are probably _________________.@ qu.8.8.answer=2@ qu.8.8.choice.1=found only in Hollywood@ qu.8.8.choice.2=made of sand colored red by hematite, eroded from nearby red sandstones@ qu.8.8.choice.3=white sand dunes tinted pink by the setting sun@ qu.8.8.choice.4=white sand dunes whose color was altered in Photoshop@ qu.8.8.choice.5=formed of the red mineral garnet@