__________________ is a distinctive topography that is formed when limestone and other carbonate rocks are dissolved by groundwater. It is characterized by sinkholes, disappearing streams, and spires left by dissolution.@
qu.3.1.answer=1@
qu.3.1.choice.1=Karst @
qu.3.1.choice.2=Peneplain@
qu.3.1.choice.3=Floodplain@
qu.3.1.choice.4=Wetland@
qu.3.1.choice.5=Cave@
qu.3.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.2.name=cave@
qu.3.2.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.3.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.2.question=
__________________ refers to a naturally formed underground opening.@
qu.3.2.answer=5@
qu.3.2.choice.1=Aquifer@
qu.3.2.choice.2=Aquiclude@
qu.3.2.choice.3=Groundwater@
qu.3.2.choice.4=Wetland@
qu.3.2.choice.5=Cave@
qu.3.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.3.name=tower karst@
qu.3.3.comment=This topography was the inspiration for ancient Chinese scroll paintings.@
qu.3.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.3.question=
A region where the topography is characterized by many steep-sided spires of limestone between sinkholes is called _______________. @
qu.3.3.answer=1@
qu.3.3.choice.1=tower karst @
qu.3.3.choice.2=peneplain@
qu.3.3.choice.3=floodplain@
qu.3.3.choice.4=speleothemic@
qu.3.3.choice.5=oasis@
qu.3.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.4.name=dripstone@
qu.3.4.comment=Dripstone forms in caves where water drips; flowstone forms in caves where water flows over a surface.@
qu.3.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.4.question=
The general term for rock formed by precipitation of calcium carbonate from evaporation of water drops in caves is _________________.@
qu.3.4.answer=1@
qu.3.4.choice.1=dripstone@
qu.3.4.choice.2=flowstone@
qu.3.4.choice.3=speleothems@
qu.3.4.choice.4=stalagmites and stalactites@
qu.3.4.choice.5=columns@
qu.3.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.5.name=flowstone@
qu.3.5.comment=Dripstone forms in caves where water drips; flowstone forms in caves where water flows over a surface.@
qu.3.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.5.question=
The general term for rock formed by precipitation of calcium carbonate from evaporation of water flowing along the surface of cave walls is _________________.@
qu.3.5.answer=2@
qu.3.5.choice.1=dripstone@
qu.3.5.choice.2=flowstone@
qu.3.5.choice.3=speleothems@
qu.3.5.choice.4=stalagmites and stalactites@
qu.3.5.choice.5=columns@
qu.3.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.6.name=speleothems@
qu.3.6.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.6.question=
The general term for all the formations or cave decorations that form by precipitation of dissolved ions is _________________.@
qu.3.6.answer=3@
qu.3.6.choice.1=dripstone@
qu.3.6.choice.2=flowstone@
qu.3.6.choice.3=speleothems@
qu.3.6.choice.4=stalagmites and stalactites@
qu.3.6.choice.5=columns@
qu.3.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.7.name=stalactites and stalagmites@
qu.3.7.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.7.question=
The formations or cave decorations that consist of upward-pointing and downward pointing cones of precipitated calcium carbonate are _________________.@
qu.3.7.answer=4@
qu.3.7.choice.1=spelunkers@
qu.3.7.choice.2=flowstone@
qu.3.7.choice.3=speleothems@
qu.3.7.choice.4=stalagmites and stalactites@
qu.3.7.choice.5=columns@
qu.3.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.8.name=columns@
qu.3.8.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.8.question=
Stalactites and stalagmites grow progressively longer until they merge into continuous cylindrical formations of calcium carbonate called _________________.@
qu.3.8.answer=5@
qu.3.8.choice.1=spelunkers@
qu.3.8.choice.2=flowstone@
qu.3.8.choice.3=draperies@
qu.3.8.choice.4=soda straws@
qu.3.8.choice.5=columns@
qu.3.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.9.name=sinkhole@
qu.3.9.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.9.question=
A deep circular or elongate depression formed when the roof of a cave collapses is called a _________________.@
qu.3.9.answer=2@
qu.3.9.choice.1=spelunker@
qu.3.9.choice.2=sinkhole@
qu.3.9.choice.3=karst@
qu.3.9.choice.4=disappearing stream@
qu.3.9.choice.5=mud pot@
qu.3.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.10.name=geyser@
qu.3.10.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.10.question=
A fountain of steam and hot water that erupts periodically from the ground is called a _________________.@
qu.3.10.answer=3@
qu.3.10.choice.1=spelunker@
qu.3.10.choice.2=sinkhole@
qu.3.10.choice.3=geyser@
qu.3.10.choice.4=hot spring@
qu.3.10.choice.5=mud pot@
qu.3.11.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.3.11.name=mud pot@
qu.3.11.comment=Sorry, please try again.@
qu.3.11.editing=useHTML@
qu.3.11.question=
A natural basin filled with a viscous slurry of mud and hot groundwater is called a _________________.@
qu.3.11.answer=5@
qu.3.11.choice.1=spelunker@
qu.3.11.choice.2=sinkhole@
qu.3.11.choice.3=geyser@
qu.3.11.choice.4=hot spring@
qu.3.11.choice.5=mud pot@
qu.4.topic=Groundwater Processes -- Thought@
qu.4.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.1.name=porosity-limits water content@
qu.4.1.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.1.question=The total amount of water that can be contained within a given volume of rock is limited by the ____________________.@
qu.4.1.answer=2@
qu.4.1.choice.1=permeability@
qu.4.1.choice.2=porosity@
qu.4.1.choice.3=runoff@
qu.4.1.choice.4=discharge@
qu.4.1.choice.5=percolation rate@
qu.4.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.2.name=permeability-dependence of water transport@
qu.4.2.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.2.question=The ability of rocks to transport underground water depends on their ________________.@
qu.4.2.answer=3@
qu.4.2.choice.1=porosity@
qu.4.2.choice.2=aeration rate@
qu.4.2.choice.3=permeability@
qu.4.2.choice.4=competence@
qu.4.2.choice.5=capacity@
qu.4.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.3.name=water table-separates zones@
qu.4.3.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.3.question=The zone of aeration (unsaturated zone) and the saturated zone are separated by __________________.@
qu.4.3.answer=2@
qu.4.3.choice.1=a cone of depression@
qu.4.3.choice.2=the capillary fringe and the water table@
qu.4.3.choice.3=the soil water layer@
qu.4.3.choice.4=an artesian well@
qu.4.3.choice.5=the recharge zone@
qu.4.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.4.name=relationship of pore size and permeability@
qu.4.4.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.4.question=In general, as the size of the pore spaces ____________ , the permeability ____________.@
qu.4.4.answer=3@
qu.4.4.choice.1=increases...decreases@
qu.4.4.choice.2=increases...remains the same@
qu.4.4.choice.3=increases...increases@
qu.4.4.choice.4=decreases...increases@
qu.4.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.5.name=massive shale-least permeable@
qu.4.5.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.5.question=Which of the following would most likely be the least permeable?@
qu.4.5.answer=3@
qu.4.5.choice.1=fractured granite@
qu.4.5.choice.2=porous limestone@
qu.4.5.choice.3=massive, unjointed shale@
qu.4.5.choice.4=weakly cemented conglomerate@
qu.4.5.choice.5=basalt flow with well-developed fractures and joints@
qu.4.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.6.name=river bank-shallow water table@
qu.4.6.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.6.question=In which of the following environments would you expect ground water to be closest to the surface of the Earth?@
qu.4.6.answer=4@
qu.4.6.choice.1=at the top of a hill@
qu.4.6.choice.2=on the side of a hill@
qu.4.6.choice.3=at the base of a hill@
qu.4.6.choice.4=on the banks of a river@
qu.4.6.choice.5=on a talus slope@
qu.4.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.7.name=rounded particles-hold more water@
qu.4.7.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.7.question=All other factors being equal, a sediment containing rounded particles will ____________________ than a sediment containing angular particles.@
qu.4.7.answer=3@
qu.4.7.choice.1=dissolve more readily@
qu.4.7.choice.2=fault more easily@
qu.4.7.choice.3=hold more water@
qu.4.7.choice.4=be deposited more thickly@
qu.4.7.choice.5=reach its carrying capacity more quickly@
qu.4.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.8.name=well-sorted sediment-hold more water@
qu.4.8.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.8.question=All other factors being equal, a well-sorted sediment will ____________________ than a poorly sorted sediment. @
qu.4.8.answer=3@
qu.4.8.choice.1=dissolve more readily@
qu.4.8.choice.2=fault more easily@
qu.4.8.choice.3=hold more groundwater@
qu.4.8.choice.4=be deposited more thickly@
qu.4.8.choice.5=reach its carrying capacity more quickly@
qu.4.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.9.name=spring-result of faulting and water table intersection@
qu.4.9.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.9.question=
What results when faulting causes the water table to intersect the land surface on a hillside?@
qu.4.9.answer=1@
qu.4.9.choice.1=spring@
qu.4.9.choice.2=artesian well@
qu.4.9.choice.3=unconfined aquifer@
qu.4.9.choice.4=geyser@
qu.4.9.choice.5=sink hole@
qu.4.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.10.name=effect of recharge rate on water table@
qu.4.10.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.10.question=If groundwater is removed faster than it can recharge, the water table will ____________________.@
qu.4.10.answer=4@
qu.4.10.choice.1=no longer mirror the topography@
qu.4.10.choice.2=form a perched water table@
qu.4.10.choice.3=intersect the land surface as a spring@
qu.4.10.choice.4=drop below its former level@
qu.4.10.choice.5=slope in the opposite direction@
qu.4.11.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.4.11.name=factors in recharge@
qu.4.11.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.4.11.editing=useHTML@
qu.4.11.question=In any region, the amount of rainwater that seeps into the ground depends upon all of the following EXCEPT the ________________.@
qu.4.11.answer=4@
qu.4.11.choice.1=degree of slope@
qu.4.11.choice.2=frequency, intensity, and duration of rainfall@
qu.4.11.choice.3=absorbing capacity of the subsurface@
qu.4.11.choice.4=amount of carbonic acid in the rainwater@
qu.4.11.choice.5=amount of vegetation present@
qu.5.topic=Geysers, Caves, Karst - Thought@
qu.5.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.1.name=Thought -- disappearing and reappearing streams in karst@
qu.5.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.1.question=You are mapping the streams in your water resource district, and observe that some of them disappear beneath the surface. Other streams appear suddenly as large springs. What can you infer about the rocks underlying this region?@
qu.5.1.answer=3@
qu.5.1.choice.1=They are strongly folded and faulted.@
qu.5.1.choice.2=They consist of high-grade metamorphic rocks.@
qu.5.1.choice.3=They consist of limestone and dolostone which have undergone extensive dissolution.@
qu.5.1.choice.4=They consist of well-sorted, well-cemented, eolian sandstone with low permeability.@
qu.5.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.2.name=Thought -- carbonate rocks soluble in acidic water@
qu.5.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.2.question=Carbonate rocks (limestone, dolostone, and marble) are almost insoluble in pure water but are readily dissolved in _____________________.@
qu.5.2.answer=1@
qu.5.2.choice.1=carbonic acid formed when rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide@
qu.5.2.choice.2=meltwater in high latitude regions where frost wedging reduces grain size@
qu.5.2.choice.3=water that contains dissolved oxygen, which promotes oxidation@
qu.5.2.choice.4=locations above the water table where abundant oxygen triggers the reaction@
qu.5.2.choice.5=arid regions with little vegetation to disrupt the dissolution process@
qu.5.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.3.name=Thought -- rate of cave formation and groundwater flow@
qu.5.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.3.question=In areas where the groundwater is acidic, what additional factor will increase the rate of cave formation?@
qu.5.3.answer=1@
qu.5.3.choice.1=increasing the rate of groundwater flow@
qu.5.3.choice.2=lowering the water table below the level of cavern formation@
qu.5.3.choice.3=decreasing the rate of percolation@
qu.5.3.choice.4=rapid climate change resulting in less rainfall@
qu.5.3.choice.5=deposition of clay-rich mud layer in the recharge area@
qu.5.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.4.name=Thought -- cave formation and structures@
qu.5.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.4.question=Which structural feature will most likely facilitate the formation of caves in carbonate rocks? @
qu.5.4.answer=3@
qu.5.4.choice.1=thrust faults and reverse faults@
qu.5.4.choice.2=isoclinal folds overturned in the direction of the groundwater flow@
qu.5.4.choice.3=interconnected fractures and bedding planes@
qu.5.4.choice.4=eolian cross bedding@
qu.5.4.choice.5=basaltic dikes and sills@
qu.5.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.5.name=cave formation process@
qu.5.5.comment=Think again...most of these form by deposition of calcium carbonate. Which of these is NOT a depositional feature?@
qu.5.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.5.question=
Which of the following forms by dissolution below the water table?@
qu.5.5.answer=1@
qu.5.5.choice.1=caves@
qu.5.5.choice.2=stalactites@
qu.5.5.choice.3=stalagmites@
qu.5.5.choice.4=rims around a geyser or hot spring@
qu.5.5.choice.5=flowstone@
qu.5.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.6.name=dissolution@
qu.5.6.comment=Only one of these possibilities always results in dissolving something.@
qu.5.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.6.question=
The chemical weathering process caused by groundwater, in which minerals and rock materials are carried away in solution, is called _______________. @
qu.5.6.answer=1@
qu.5.6.choice.1=dissolution@
qu.5.6.choice.2=precipitation@
qu.5.6.choice.3=metasomatism@
qu.5.6.choice.4=polymorphism@
qu.5.6.choice.5=hydration@
qu.5.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.7.name=sinkhole formation@
qu.5.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.7.question=
The sinkhole shown in this picture formed by ____________________.@
qu.5.7.answer=2@
qu.5.7.choice.1=collapse to form a cave, followed by dissolution of limestone above the water table@
qu.5.7.choice.2=dissolution below the water table to form a cave, then collapse of the ceiling as water table dropped@
qu.5.7.choice.3=overloading of the ground surface by heavy equipment during construction of a new shopping mall@
qu.5.7.choice.4=deposition of calcium carbonate (calcite) by evaporation of groundwater above the water table, followed by dissolution below the water table@
qu.5.7.choice.5=dissolution below the water table to form a cave, followed by deposition of calcium carbonate (calcite) above the water table@
qu.5.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.8.name=speleothems and limestone@
qu.5.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.8.question=
What kind of rock did this cavern, decorated with stalactites and stalagmites, form in? @
qu.5.8.answer=5@
qu.5.8.choice.1=sandstone@
qu.5.8.choice.2=shale@
qu.5.8.choice.3=basalt@
qu.5.8.choice.4=granite@
qu.5.8.choice.5=limestone@
qu.5.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.9.name=speleothems formation@
qu.5.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.5.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.9.question=
The stalactites and stalagmites shown here formed by ____________________.@
qu.5.9.answer=5@
qu.5.9.choice.1=collapse to form a cave, followed by dissolution of limestone above the water table@
qu.5.9.choice.2=dissolution below the water table to form a cave, then collapse of the ceiling as water table dropped@
qu.5.9.choice.3=overloading of the ground surface by heavy equipment during construction of a new shopping mall@
qu.5.9.choice.4=deposition of calcium carbonate (calcite) by evaporation of groundwater above the water table, followed by dissolution below the water table@
qu.5.9.choice.5=dissolution below the water table to form a cave, followed by deposition of calcium carbonate (calcite) above the water table@
qu.5.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.10.name=origin of column@
qu.5.10.comment=Sorry - please try again.@
qu.5.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.10.question=
The column which stretches from floor to ceiling in this cave formed when a ____________________. @
qu.5.10.answer=1@
qu.5.10.choice.1=stalactite grew downwards and a stalagmite grew upwards until the two joined.@
qu.5.10.choice.2=stalagmite grew upwards until it reached the ceiling.@
qu.5.10.choice.3=stalagmite grew downwards until it reached the floor.@
qu.5.10.choice.4=stalactite grew upwards until it reached the ceiling.@
qu.5.10.choice.5=stalactite grew downwards until it reached the floor.@
qu.5.11.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.5.11.name=hot spring temperature@
qu.5.11.comment="Hot" means between 30?C and 104?C - close to the boiling point of water.@
qu.5.11.editing=useHTML@
qu.5.11.question=
A hot spring emits water with temperatures at _________________.@
qu.5.11.answer=1@
qu.5.11.choice.1=the boiling point of water@
qu.5.11.choice.2=the freezing point of water@
qu.5.11.choice.3=air temperature@
qu.5.11.choice.4=a few degrees above the surface temperature@
qu.5.11.choice.5=the evaporation point of water@
qu.6.topic=Groundwater Resources -- Thought@
qu.6.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.1.name=effect of continuous pumping@
qu.6.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.1.question=
If recharge is slow for an aquifer, continuous pumping of a well that is drawing water from that aquifer will ____________________.@
qu.6.1.answer=4@
qu.6.1.choice.1=lower the water table near the well@
qu.6.1.choice.2=produce a cone of depression around the well@
qu.6.1.choice.3=allow invasion of seawater into the aquifer, if the well is near the coast@
qu.6.1.choice.4=be characterized by all of the choices here@
qu.6.1.choice.5=cause the well to run dry if the water table drops below the bottom of the well pipe@
qu.6.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.2.name=essential element of artesian system@
qu.6.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.2.question=
Which of the following is NOT essential to an artesian system?@
qu.6.2.answer=2@
qu.6.2.choice.1=inclined strata that intersect the land surface@
qu.6.2.choice.2=an impermeable layer sandwiched between two permeable layers@
qu.6.2.choice.3=rainfall where the aquifer intersects the land surface@
qu.6.2.choice.4=a fissure or well to permit water to escape upward through the overlying impermeable layers@
qu.6.2.choice.5=sufficient hydrostatic pressure at the fissure or well to force the water upwards@
qu.6.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.3.name=cone of depression as result@
qu.6.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.3.question=Excessive withdrawal of groundwater from a shallow sand aquifer would result in ______________________.@
qu.6.3.answer=3@
qu.6.3.choice.1=excessive recharge@
qu.6.3.choice.2=the formation of an injection well@
qu.6.3.choice.3=the formation of a cone of depression@
qu.6.3.choice.4=bulging up of the water table@
qu.6.3.choice.5=the formation of a line of springs@
qu.6.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.4.name=conservation of groundwater quality@
qu.6.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.4.question=The quality of groundwater resources may be preserved by all of the following EXCEPT _____________________.@
qu.6.4.answer=1@
qu.6.4.choice.1=using injection wells to dispose of pollutants@
qu.6.4.choice.2=reducing withdrawal rates@
qu.6.4.choice.3=increasing the number of recharge basins@
qu.6.4.choice.4=using injection wells to recharge aquifers with clean water@
qu.6.4.choice.5=preventing agricultural chemicals from contaminating wetlands in the recharge area@
qu.6.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.5.name=spring due to porosity contrast@
qu.6.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.5.question=A porosity contrast due to a contact between porous limestone and an impermeable shale, may cause _________________ to form where the contact intersects a canyon wall.@
qu.6.5.answer=1@
qu.6.5.choice.1=springs@
qu.6.5.choice.2=cones of depression@
qu.6.5.choice.3=confined aquifers@
qu.6.5.choice.4=unconfined aquifers@
qu.6.5.choice.5=faults@
qu.6.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.6.name=firmly packed clay as barrier@
qu.6.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.6.question=Which geologic material would make the BEST BARRIER to prevent liquid contaminants from a landfill or waste disposal site from percolating into the groundwater?@
qu.6.6.answer=5@
qu.6.6.choice.1=poorly cemented pebbly gravel@
qu.6.6.choice.2=well sorted conglomerate@
qu.6.6.choice.3=loosely packed regolith@
qu.6.6.choice.4=porous sandstone slabs@
qu.6.6.choice.5=firmly packed clay@
qu.6.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.7.name=sandstone slab as poor barrier@
qu.6.7.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.7.question=Which geologic material would make the POOREST barrier to prevent liquid contaminants from percolating out of a landfill or waste disposal into the groundwater? @
qu.6.7.answer=1@
qu.6.7.choice.1=porous sandstone slabs@
qu.6.7.choice.2=massive unjointed granite@
qu.6.7.choice.3=firmly packed clay@
qu.6.7.choice.4=silty glacial till interbedded with lacustrine shales@
qu.6.7.choice.5=well-compacted regolith derived from weathered mudstone@
qu.6.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.8.name=good region for waste disposal@
qu.6.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.8.question=Which location would be geologically best for a hazardous waste disposal site?@
qu.6.8.answer=2@
qu.6.8.choice.1=in a sand deposit on the floodplain of a major river system@
qu.6.8.choice.2=within a thick deposit of clay-rich glacial till, underlain by non-fractured shale, in a region of slow groundwater recharge@
qu.6.8.choice.3=in a well jointed basalt flow, underlain by conglomerate, in a region of fast groundwater recharge@
qu.6.8.choice.4=within a limestone cave in a well-developed karst system@
qu.6.8.choice.5=on a lahar deposit in a small stream flowing off the flanks of an active stratovolcano@
qu.6.9.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.9.name=sources of groundwater pollution@
qu.6.9.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.9.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.9.question=Which of the following is a source of groundwater pollution in North America?@
qu.6.9.answer=5@
qu.6.9.choice.1=untreated sewage@
qu.6.9.choice.2=agricultural pesticides@
qu.6.9.choice.3=fertilizers@
qu.6.9.choice.4=leaking chemicals such as gasoline@
qu.6.9.choice.5=all of the choices here@
qu.6.10.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.6.10.name=recharge-not result of groundwater mining@
qu.6.10.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.6.10.editing=useHTML@
qu.6.10.question=Which of the following does NOT result from excessive groundwater mining?@
qu.6.10.answer=5@
qu.6.10.choice.1=lowering of the water table@
qu.6.10.choice.2=drying up of streams and springs@
qu.6.10.choice.3=compaction of the aquifer@
qu.6.10.choice.4=subsidence of land surface@
qu.6.10.choice.5=increased aquifer recharge@
qu.7.topic=Artesian Diagram - Definitions@
qu.7.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.1.name=recharge area-illustrated@
qu.7.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.1.question=
The surface topography labeled A in this diagram, where the vertical strata reach the surface, is a/an ____________________.@
qu.7.1.answer=4@
qu.7.1.choice.1=aquifer@
qu.7.1.choice.2=aquiclude for layer I@
qu.7.1.choice.3=nonflowing artesian well@
qu.7.1.choice.4=area of recharge for layer H@
qu.7.1.choice.5=flowing artesian well@
qu.7.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.2.name=confined aquifer-illustrated@
qu.7.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.2.question=
The porous, permeable layer labeled H in this diagram is a(n) ____________________.@
qu.7.2.answer=1@
qu.7.2.choice.1=confined aquifer@
qu.7.2.choice.2=aquiclude@
qu.7.2.choice.3=nonflowing artesian well@
qu.7.2.choice.4=unconfined aquifer@
qu.7.2.choice.5=flowing artesian well@
qu.7.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.3.name=aquiclude-illustrated@
qu.7.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.3.question=
The impermeable layers labeled I and F in this diagram are ____________________.@
qu.7.3.answer=2@
qu.7.3.choice.1=confined aquifers@
qu.7.3.choice.2=aquicludes@
qu.7.3.choice.3=nonflowing artesian wells@
qu.7.3.choice.4=unconfined aquifers@
qu.7.3.choice.5=flowing artesian wells@
qu.7.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.4.name=nonflowing artesian well-illustrated@
qu.7.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.4.question=
The type of well indicated by letter C in this diagram, in which the water in the well pipe rises above the local water table but not as far as the surface, is called a(n) ____________________.@
qu.7.4.answer=3@
qu.7.4.choice.1=confined aquifer@
qu.7.4.choice.2=aquiclude@
qu.7.4.choice.3=nonflowing artesian well@
qu.7.4.choice.4=area of recharge@
qu.7.4.choice.5=unconfined aquifer@
qu.7.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.5.name=flowing artesian well-illustrated@
qu.7.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.5.question=
The type of well indicated by letter G in this diagram, in which the water in the well pipe rises above the land surface, is called a(n) ____________________.@
qu.7.5.answer=5@
qu.7.5.choice.1=confined aquifer@
qu.7.5.choice.2=aquiclude@
qu.7.5.choice.3=unconfined aquifer@
qu.7.5.choice.4=area of recharge@
qu.7.5.choice.5=flowing artesian well@
qu.7.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.7.6.name=reverse faulted aquifer-illustrated@
qu.7.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.7.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.7.6.question=
The type of fault shown here, in which the hanging wall has moved steeply upward relative to the footwall, is called a/an __________ fault.@
qu.7.6.answer=3@
qu.7.6.choice.1=strike-slip@
qu.7.6.choice.2=normal@
qu.7.6.choice.3=reverse@
qu.7.6.choice.4=transform@
qu.7.6.choice.5=lateral@
qu.8.topic=Artesian Diagram - Thought@
qu.8.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.1.name=B - maximum height of water table@
qu.8.1.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.1.question=
What level is potentially the maximum height of the water table, in this diagram?@
qu.8.1.answer=1@
qu.8.1.choice.1=the level indicated by dashed line B@
qu.8.1.choice.2=the level at the top of nonflowing well C@
qu.8.1.choice.3=the level at the top of flowing well G@
qu.8.1.choice.4=the intersection of the fault with the ground surface at E@
qu.8.1.choice.5=the highest point of the topography in zone A@
qu.8.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.2.name=faults as springs@
qu.8.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.2.question=
The features labeled E in this diagram, where water flows out onto the surface along a fault, are called ________________.@
qu.8.2.answer=3@
qu.8.2.choice.1=aquifers@
qu.8.2.choice.2=aquicludes@
qu.8.2.choice.3=springs@
qu.8.2.choice.4=aquitards@
qu.8.2.choice.5=joints@
qu.8.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.3.name=B - nonflowing artesian well to flowing@
qu.8.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.3.question=
Which of the following geologic processes would cause a nonflowing artesian well (like C) to become a flowing artesian well (like G)? @
qu.8.3.answer=1@
qu.8.3.choice.1=tectonic uplift of area A and increase in elevation of the water table B above the top of well C@
qu.8.3.choice.2=subsidence of the recharge area A, causing the water table to drop@
qu.8.3.choice.3=increasing discharge rates along the fault@
qu.8.3.choice.4=withdrawing enough water at G to produce a cone of depression in the water table@
qu.8.3.choice.5=climate change to decrease rainfall in the recharge area@
qu.8.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.4.name=B - flowing artesian well to nonflowing@
qu.8.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.4.question=
Which of the following geologic processes would cause a flowing artesian well (like G) to become a nonflowing artesian well (like C)? @
qu.8.4.answer=2@
qu.8.4.choice.1=tectonic uplift of area A and increase in elevation of the water table B above the top of well C@
qu.8.4.choice.2=subsidence of the recharge area A, causing the water table to drop@
qu.8.4.choice.3=decreasing discharge rates along the fault@
qu.8.4.choice.4=increased recharge at C to reduce the cone of depression@
qu.8.4.choice.5=climate change that results in increased recharge @
qu.8.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.5.name=B - slope of water table@
qu.8.5.comment=The water table always mirrors the land surface, but in a more subdued fashion.@
qu.8.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.5.question=
The letter B in this diagram marks a hypothetical plane or surface that slopes gently from the hills where vertical layers H, I, and F are at the surface, downwards to the right. Why is the plane sloping rather than horizontal? @
qu.8.5.answer=1@
qu.8.5.choice.1=It represents average water table which mirrors the sloping land surface.@
qu.8.5.choice.2=The artist obviously made a mistake in drawing the plane; it should be horizontal because no hydraulic head is present.@
qu.8.5.choice.3=The plane slopes in the opposite direction to the hydraulic head, which in this region is greater on the right side of the diagram.@
qu.8.5.choice.4=The fault which reaches the surface at E has tilted the whole region to the right.@
qu.8.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.8.6.name=artesian system-formation@
qu.8.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.8.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.8.6.question=
An artesian system is ________________________.@
qu.8.6.answer=1@
qu.8.6.choice.1=formed when water is forced upward by hydrostatic pressure from a confined aquifer at depth, through fissures or wells that penetrate the impermeable cap@
qu.8.6.choice.2=any body of permeable rock or regolith saturated with water, through which groundwater moves@
qu.8.6.choice.3=the depression in the water table immediately surrounding a well that is caused by pumping @
qu.8.6.choice.4=the escape of groundwater along a fracture or fault that intersects the surface@
qu.9.topic=Aquifer Recharge Diagram - Thought@
qu.9.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.1.name=aquiclude-illustrated@
qu.9.1.comment=Here, "clude" means exclude, and "aqui" means water.@
qu.9.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.1.question=
An aquiclude, or barrier to groundwater flow, is most likely represented by ___________________.@
qu.9.1.answer=3@
qu.9.1.choice.1=porous, permeable layer A@
qu.9.1.choice.2=porous, permeable layer B@
qu.9.1.choice.3=one or both of the light brown layers labeled impermeable@
qu.9.1.choice.4=any layer yielding artesian flow@
qu.9.1.choice.5=layers in the unsaturated zone @
qu.9.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.2.name=recharge zone-illustrated2@
qu.9.2.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.9.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.2.question=
The region labeled D includes the entire surface area above Layer A. It serves as _________________.@
qu.9.2.answer=3@
qu.9.2.choice.1=zone of acquisition for all layers@
qu.9.2.choice.2=recharge zone for layer B@
qu.9.2.choice.3=recharge zone for layer A@
qu.9.2.choice.4=percolation zone for the impermeable layers@
qu.9.2.choice.5=zone of discharge for all layers@
qu.9.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.3.name=recharge zone-illustrated@
qu.9.3.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.9.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.3.question=
The region labeled C is the surface area between two upturned impermeable strata. It serves as the _________________.@
qu.9.3.answer=2@
qu.9.3.choice.1=zone of acquisition for layer A@
qu.9.3.choice.2=recharge zone for layer B@
qu.9.3.choice.3=recharge zone for layer A@
qu.9.3.choice.4=saturated zone for the impermeable layers@
qu.9.3.choice.5=zone of discharge for layer B@
qu.9.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.4.name=confined aquifer-illustrated@
qu.9.4.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.9.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.4.question=
The porous, permeable layer labeled B is between two impermeable layers, making it a/an ___________________.@
qu.9.4.answer=1@
qu.9.4.choice.1=confined aquifer@
qu.9.4.choice.2=unconfined aquifer@
qu.9.4.choice.3=nonflowing artesian well@
qu.9.4.choice.4=flowing aquiclude@
qu.9.4.choice.5=zone of acquisition@
qu.9.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.5.name=unconfined aquifer-illustrated@
qu.9.5.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.9.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.5.question=
The layer labeled A consists of porous, permeable rock just below the surface of the Earth. It is a/an ___________________.@
qu.9.5.answer=2@
qu.9.5.choice.1=confined aquifer@
qu.9.5.choice.2=unconfined aquifer@
qu.9.5.choice.3=nonflowing artesian well@
qu.9.5.choice.4=flowing aquiclude@
qu.9.5.choice.5=zone of acquisition@
qu.9.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.9.6.name=drought situation@
qu.9.6.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.9.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.9.6.question=
Imagine a situation in which rain falls only in area C, on the hills around upturned layer B and the impermeable layers on either side of it, but drought conditions persist in area D, overlying layer A. What will happen to the groundwater?@
qu.9.6.answer=1@
qu.9.6.choice.1=Layer B will continue to have good supplies of groundwater, but the water table in layer A will drop.@
qu.9.6.choice.2=Layer B will dry up as water flows out the other end, but the water table will be relatively unchanged in layer A.@
qu.9.6.choice.3=Both layer A and layer B will dry up.@
qu.9.6.choice.4=The hydraulic head will reverse and water will discharge at the highest point of layer B.@
qu.9.6.choice.5=Layer A will increase its groundwater supply because of the hydraulic head originating in the hills.@
qu.10.topic=Groundwater Brainteasers@
qu.10.1.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.1.name=Brainteaser -- Icicles mean springs@
qu.10.1.comment=In the winter, most springs freeze when the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius.@
qu.10.1.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.1.question=
This line of icicles (frozen water) is located along a paleosol horizon that developed on a fractured basaltic lava flow. Later, a second fractured flow was deposited over the paleosol. What causes the icicles to form along the paleosol?@
qu.10.1.answer=1@
qu.10.1.choice.1=They represent a series of springs emerging along the top of the paleosol, which is acting as an aquiclude. @
qu.10.1.choice.2=The icicles form when melting snow on the cliff above drips down the face of the cliff and freezes.@
qu.10.1.choice.3=Icicles tend to form more rapidly on the paleosol because of its fine grain size.@
qu.10.1.choice.4=Any icicles that formed on the dark colored basalt would have melted first.@
qu.10.2.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.2.name=Brainteaser -- Wet-dry line@
qu.10.2.comment=Remember, the water table fluctuates up and down in a climate with a wet and a dry season.@
qu.10.2.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.2.question=
This pasture is located in a semiarid climate which receives most of its precipitation during the winter and early spring. Now in July, part of its grass is drying up while some grass is still green. What controls where the grass remains green?@
qu.10.2.answer=1@
qu.10.2.choice.1=Only grass with roots that can reach the dry season water table will remain green. @
qu.10.2.choice.2=The greener grass has been fertilized, enabling it to survive the dry season.@
qu.10.2.choice.3=The green parts of the pasture are irrigated.@
qu.10.2.choice.4=The lower parts of the pasture received more snowfall so the grass will remain green longer.@
qu.10.2.choice.5=The soil is thinner under the dry parts of the pasture, forcing the groundwater there to dry up.@
qu.10.3.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.3.name=Brainteaser -- cone of depression in glass of soda@
qu.10.3.comment=No matter how hard you suck on the straw, only the center part of the liquid will be drawn in.@
qu.10.3.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.3.question=If you were to put a straw into a glass filled with finely crushed ice and a little soda, then take a few hard sips of soda through the straw, you would create a miniature _________________. @
qu.10.3.answer=3@
qu.10.3.choice.1=artesian well@
qu.10.3.choice.2=spring@
qu.10.3.choice.3=cone of depression@
qu.10.3.choice.4=recharge basin@
qu.10.3.choice.5=zone of saturation@
qu.10.4.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.4.name=Brainteaser -- wet season stream-not result of water table intersection@
qu.10.4.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.10.4.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.4.question=
Which of the following would NOT result when the water table intersects the land surface of a lowland region all year long?@
qu.10.4.answer=1@
qu.10.4.choice.1=wet-season only stream@
qu.10.4.choice.2=year-round stream@
qu.10.4.choice.3=marsh@
qu.10.4.choice.4=swamp@
qu.10.4.choice.5=lake@
qu.10.5.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.5.name=Brainteaser -- dams increase recharge@
qu.10.5.comment=Recharge is enhanced by anything which slows down run-off.@
qu.10.5.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.5.question=
Which of the following would increase the local rate of ground water recharge, given constant annual precipitation?@
qu.10.5.answer=3@
qu.10.5.choice.1=paving of dirt roads@
qu.10.5.choice.2=constructing more buildings and cement parking lots@
qu.10.5.choice.3=building many small dams throughout a stream drainage@
qu.10.5.choice.4=fewer cloudy days per year@
qu.10.5.choice.5=increase in mean annual temperature@
qu.10.6.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.6.name=Brainteaser -- unjointed massive granite-least likely aquifer@
qu.10.6.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.10.6.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.6.question=
Which of the following is least likely to make a good aquifer?@
qu.10.6.answer=5@
qu.10.6.choice.1=uncemented sand@
qu.10.6.choice.2=poorly cemented sandstone@
qu.10.6.choice.3=gravel@
qu.10.6.choice.4=well-jointed basalt@
qu.10.6.choice.5=unjointed massive granite@
qu.10.7.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.7.name=Brainteaser -- shale-good aquifer circumstances@
qu.10.7.comment=Sorry. Please try again.@
qu.10.7.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.7.question=
Under what circumstances would a shale make a good aquifer?@
qu.10.7.answer=2@
qu.10.7.choice.1=It is not possible for shale to serve as a good aquifer.@
qu.10.7.choice.2=When it is well-jointed.@
qu.10.7.choice.3=When it is well-sorted.@
qu.10.7.choice.4=When it is well-rounded and firmly cemented.@
qu.10.7.choice.5=When it contains high proportions of soluble calcium carbonate.@
qu.10.8.mode=Multiple Choice@
qu.10.8.name=Brainteaser - oriented speleothems@
qu.10.8.comment=Sorry. Try again.@
qu.10.8.editing=useHTML@
qu.10.8.question=
Imagine that you have just discovered a new cavern in Kentucky and that it contains abundant dripstone panels or draperies on its ceiling, which appear to be oriented in a checkerboard pattern. Which of the following properties of the limestone would most likely have generated this regular spacing of features? The most likely factor would be _________________________.@ qu.10.8.answer=2@ qu.10.8.choice.1=a fold pattern in the limestone@ qu.10.8.choice.2=intersecting joints@ qu.10.8.choice.3=regularly spaced diabase dikes@ qu.10.8.choice.4=regular spacing of trees on the land surface above the cavern@ qu.10.8.choice.5=regular spacing of large boulders on the land surface above the cavern@